B125. Animals exchange traits.
.11.-.13.15.-.18.22.-.28.31.33.34.38.40.42.-.45.47.48.51.
.52.55.57.59.61.67.68.
The absence or presence of certain organs in animals (less often - plants) and the characteristics of these organs are caused by the fact that in the era of creation one species exchanged with another or, having borrowed someone else's organ, refused to return it. In some cases, a reverse exchange and return to the original state is described, as well as the transfer of a part of one animal's body to another without compensation. Instead of one of the animals, there may be a person or a deity.
Chagga, Fang (?), Swahili, Ila, Dogon, Hadza, Somali, Malagasy, Portuguese, Spanish, Italian (Abruzzo), Maltese, French (Orleans, Gironde, Landes, Languedoc), German (Mecklenburg), English, Irish, Socotra, Murngin, Narrinyeri, Wotjobaluk, Mara, Winindiljaugwa, Belhando River, NW Australia, Samoa, Maori, Nokte, Wancho, Lakher, Chin, Yao, Naga of Burma, Viet, Burmese, Thai, North Indian (Hindi), Sinhalese, Konda, Baiga, Bondo, Sora, Toraja, Javanese, Sundanese, Manggarai, Roti, Bunun, Chinese (Zhejiang, Jiangsu and no place of fixation indicated), Lisu, Hungarians, Romanians, Russians (Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod), Ukrainians (Hutsul, Podolia), Poles, Czechs, Lithuanians, Livs, Estonians, Karelians, Western and Eastern Saami, Kazakhs, Yugurs, Telengits, Altaians, Tuvans, Oirats (probably), Khalkha Mongols, Dagur, Bao'an, Japanese, Caribou, Netsilik (Labrador Eskimo), Kuchin, Upper Tanana, Kwakiutl, Quinault, Quileute, Lower and Upper Chehalis, Yakima, Clackamas, Tillamook, Coos, Kalapuya, Menominee, Maliseet, Cherokee, Choctaw, Pomo, Nisenan, Coast Miwok, Warihio, Huichol, Tepehua, Itza, Chol, Acatec, Tzotzil, Kaqchikel, Canjobal, Jacaltec, Tojolabal, Ihca, Guajiro, Yanomami, Warrau(?), Arekuna, Shuar, Achuar, Aguaruna, Eseeha, Paresi.
Bantu-speaking Africa. Chagga [a squirrel went to a dance and asked a frog to lend her his tail; did not return it]: Dähnhardt 1910, no. 31: 136; Cameroon {provisionally: Fang } [an ugly bird, Kang, tricks a beautiful Munga into giving her clothes and does not return them; the latter still calls plaintively: N-kang! N-kang!]: Meinhof 1889, no. 2: 21-27; Swahili [a hare and a weasel hunt together, sharing everything equally; while the hare was sleeping, leaving a partridge and its eggs to roast, the weasel ate everything, hid the shells, the bones, and burned the feathers; told the hare that the partridge was burnt; for this the hare once wrapped the weasel in banana leaves; the weasel plays the flute and sings about the partridge, and the hare beats the drum and sings about the leaves; they exchanged ears and since then the hare has long ears]: Dähnhardt 1910, No. 44: 140; ila [rhinoceroses and hippopotamuses exchange skins]: Smith, Sale 1920, No. 22: 372.
West Africa. Dogon [the crocodile put his tongue out to dry; the Dog had no tongue, so he stole the crocodile's tongue; since then he tries to seize the dog whenever he comes near the water]: Palau Marti 1957: 88.
Sudan - East Africa. Hadza [A Goat asks Daman to lend him his horns while he goes to see an Antelope; she asks the Goat to let her try on one of her horns, doesn't give it back; splits both hers and his, now both have two horns, and Daman's horns were not returned]: Kohl-Larsen 1962: 104-109; Somalis [the Jackal had no tongue; he asked the Crocodile to lend him his tongue to shout mashharad at a wedding; didn't return it, now won't go near the river]: Kapchits 1997, no. 8: 18; Malagasy [a snake and an earthworm are brothers; they have no legs, but the snake also has no eyes; the snake borrowed the worm's eyes to observe the celebration; didn't return it; the worm, in its grief, burrowed into the ground]: Harding 1982, no. 2.1.234B: 271.
Southern Europe. Portuguese [jay takes cuckoo's plumage and does not return it]: Uther 2004(1), no. 235: 149; Spanish [toad gives mole its tail in exchange for eyes]: FFC 90 38 no. 287; Italians (Abruzzo) [mole gives rat (or mouse) its eyes in exchange for half its tail]: Del Monte Tammaro 1971, no. 277: 10; Maltese [peacock had beautiful spurs on his legs, but did not like the noise they made; when everyone went to the feast, the peacock was ashamed to go because of this; and the cock did not have his current variegated plumage; the peacock agreed to lend him some feathers, but on condition that they exchange legs and that the cock sit behind him so as not to obscure the peacock; The peacock gave the rooster his spurs and feathers, so that his back was left naked]: Dähnhardt 1910, no. 32: 134-135.
Western Europe. French (Gironde, Landes, Languedoc) [the mole had eyes and the toad had a tail, but they swapped]: Sébillot 1908: 11; French (Orleans: Sologne; Loire: Loiret; Bourbonnais) [a nightingale (in one version, a heron) goes to a wedding, borrows the second eye of a copperhead and does not return it; since then the nightingale has both eyes, and the copperhead is completely blind]: Dähnhardt 1910, no. 37: 136-138; Germans (Mecklenburg) [a nightingale (stork) goes to a wedding, borrows the second eye of a copperhead and does not return it; since then the nightingale has both eyes, and the copperhead is completely blind]: Dähnhardt 1910, no. 38: 138; Germans (Mecklenburg) [the tortoise had a crown (crest); the hoopoe stole it and put it on himself, but left the shell]: Wossidlo, 2, no. 289 in Dähnhardt 1910, no. 38: 138; Irish [the jay takes and does not return the cuckoo's outfit]: Uther 2004(1), no. 235: 149; English [Romeo and Juliet, Act III, Scene 5: Some say the lark and loath toad changed eyes].
Western Asia. Socotra [in Müller: animals could talk; women carried children for 10 months, and cows for 9; one day a pregnant woman could not get up to milk a cow and the cow took one month of her pregnancy and took it for herself; when the udder was free of milk, the cow went to graze with a sheep; the sheep had 4 teats, and the cow 2; the cow had already eaten her fill, but the sheep could not; then the cow took two teats from the sheep, giving her the ability to quickly satiate in exchange; in the evening they both returned to the woman and she explained to the sheep that the cow had deceived her; in order to avoid something like this in the future, the woman deprived the animals of the ability to speak; in the version recorded by Naumkin, it is only said about the transfer of two teats from the sheep to the cow; on the pasture, the sheep cannot get enough; the cow reminds her of her hungry lamb and offers to feed it herself if the ewe gives her two of her four teats; when the ewe asks for them back, the cow refuses to give them]: Naumkin et al. 2014: 425; (cf. Sumerian [an excerpt from a collection of proverbs and fables; the given fragment is known from two Old Babylonian tablets (a tablet from Nippur and a tablet of unknown origin; their approximate dating is the 18th-17th centuries BC; the tablets are kept in the Yale Babylonian Collection and in the Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology of the University of Pennsylvania; the text of both tablets has been verified using photographs): ka 5 -a d en-lil 2 -le si am-e / al u 3 -bi 2 -in-du 11 / si am-e ba-ni-in-la 2 / im im-šeĝ 3 mu-na-an-zi-zi / ḫabrud-da-na nu-mu-da-an-ku 4 -ku 4 / ĝe 6 -sa 9 ! (bar)-bi-še 3 tumu miri-miri / agar 6 im-šeĝ 3 -ĝe 26 / ugu-ba i-im-til-la-ta / ḫe 2 -em-ta-ud ĝarza 2 lugal-a<-ni>-ir / ga-ba-ni-ib-gur-e-še “When the fox asked Enlil for the horns of a wild bull, (Enlil) hung the horns of a wild bull (on his head). The rain began to fall. (The horns) rose above his (head), and (the fox) could not enter his hole. Until the middle of the night the wind raged and it rained heavily. When (the rain) stopped (pouring) on him, (the fox said): “Let them dry (?) (also possible translation: let the dawn (?)), and I will return (these) regalia (?) to their owner”” (translated by R.M. Nurullin)]: Alster 1997, Collection 8, Sec. B 20: 169; (the text was known to S. Kramer: Kramer 1965 [The Fox demanded that the god Enlil give her the horns of a wild bull; the wind rose, it began to rain, the Fox could not get into her hole because of her horns; she decided that as soon as dawn broke... (break in text; it is obvious that the Fox persuaded Enlil to take the horns from her)]: 151).
Australia. Murngin [a crab offered his son a parrot to swap beaks because such a powerful beak is not needed on land, but is convenient to use in the wet clay where the crab lives]: Watermann 1987, No. 1300: 51; Murngin [a drake offered his younger brother a parrot to swap feathers so that he could live in the water and the parrot could live on land]: Watermann 1987, No. 1300: 51-52; Narrinyeri [a turtle had poisonous teeth, but a snake did not; the snake gave the turtle its head (which resembles a snake's), and the turtle gave it its fangs; because the snake lives on land and needs poison more]: Watermann 1987, No. 1300: 52; mara [earlier turtles laid eggs in the reeds and were poisonous; people came to take the eggs and the turtles bit their tongues; people asked plovers to help; the plover persuaded the turtle to swap heads with a snake, which was not poisonous then]: Watermann 1987, No. 1300: 52; wojobaluk [in order to hunt, the emu temporarily swapped tendons with a lizard (whose tendons were then strong), but did not return the tendons to the lizard]: Watermann 1987, No. 1300: 52; Winindiljaugwa {where are they?} [a kangaroo and a dugong swapped skins; the dugong's wife told him to live in the water from now on]: Watermann 1987, No. 1325: 52; Bellando River [non-venomous snake with long teeth swapped with venomous snake with short teeth]: Watermann 1987, #1325.1:52; northwest Australia { Kimberley ?} [venomous and non-venomous snakes swapped teeth]: Watermann 1987, #1325.2.
Micronesia – Polynesia. Samoa [the rat had wings, but the flying fox did not; it lent them for a while and did not return them]: Dähnhardt 1910, no. 27: 131-132 (=Permyakov 1970, no. 159: 397-398); Maori [the parrot Kakariki had green plumage and a red breast, and the parrot Kaka had dull brown feathers; Kake convinced Kakariki that the red feathers looked bad, but that he could take them for himself out of pity; Kakariki gave up his red feathers, and Kaka flew away happily]: Rodman 1981: 94-95.
Tibet - Northeast India. Nokte [before pounding rice, the Dog took off his horns; the Goat grabbed them, placed them on her head; the Dog tried to attack the Goat, but the Goat threatened him with its horns]: Elwin 1958a, no. 20: 382-383 (=1958b: 423-424); wancho [before pounding in a mortar, the Dog took off the ornaments from his ears; the Goat stole them, they became her horns; since then the dog is the enemy of goats]: Elwin 1958a, no. 22: 383 (=1958b: 424); lakher [the dog had horns; the woman put meat in a mortar; to get it, the Dog put the horns aside; a passing Goat picked up the horns; since then dogs bark at goats]: Parry 1932: 544; chins (? Mizoram) [a woman put a piece of meat in a mortar and walked away; a dog tried to eat it, but the horns did not fit in the mortar; she took them off and grabbed the meat; at that moment a goat came and took the horns, and the dog has been hornless ever since]: Borgohain, Roy Chaudhury 1975, no. 16: 70; chins [like the Lakher; the stag carries off the horns]: note by Hutton in Parry 1932: 544; ao [having come to a wedding, the Dog took off the horns and left them in the entryway; the Goat asked permission to wear them, did not return them; since then dogs have been chasing goats]: Smith 1926, no. 7: 376; naga of Burma [the dog had horns, it took them off while threshing rice and walked away; the goat put them on itself to have at least some kind of weapon, but placed them not at an angle, but straight, therefore, when butting, it must bend over; dogs hate goats]: Zapadova 1977: 223-225.
Burma - Indochina. Viet : Landes 1886, no. 81 [=Coyaud 2011, 3: 39; =Krappe 1930: 62; the buffalo had two rows of teeth, but the horse had no teeth at all; the horse asked to borrow the top row of teeth to go to a festival; promised to return them if the buffalo overtook her; he was unable to overtake]: 202-203; (cf. Nikulin 1990 [a man lured a tiger into a cage and set it on fire; a buffalo began to laugh, seeing the tiger thrashing about; the tiger broke free, its skin remaining striped; the buffalo fell down in fear, hit its jaw on a stone, and knocked out its front teeth]: 123-125; Burmese [the Buffalo had two rows of teeth, the Ox had only the lower row; the Buffalo would lend its upper teeth to the Ox during a meal; one day the Ox did not return them, but went to watch a performance given by a Horse; it had only lower teeth; the Ox began to laugh, showing two rows of teeth; the Horse asked to lend her the upper ones to make the audience laugh better; it ran away; since then it has been laughing, I-ho-ho; the Buffalo repeats "these are mine", the Ox - "this is true" (onomatopoeia in Burmese)]: Aung 1957: 48-50; Thais [there is a story about why the buffalo and cow have no upper teeth, and the boa constrictor has no poison]: Plenge 1976: 113.
South Asia. North India ( Hindi ) [on its way to a dance, a partridge borrowed a peacock's beautiful legs and did not return them; or a peacock lent a flamingo its legs and beak; or a jay and a parrot exchanged legs]: Dähnhardt 1910, no. 31; 133; Sinhalese [the Horse had horns but no teeth in the upper jaw, and the Ox had teeth above and below but no horns; they became jealous of each other and exchanged]: Dähnhardt 1910: 125; Sinhalese [on its way to a festival, a peacock borrowed a blackbird's (pitta coronata) bright plumage and did not return it]: Dähnhardt 1910, no. 31: 133; kondy (kuttia) [in order to provide food for the people, Rani-aru made a sambhar (a large antelope or buffalo), but forgot to make horns for it; hares had horns; Hare and Sambhar were friends, went swimming, Hare put the horns on a rock, went into the water; Sambhar came out first, carried off the horns]: Elwin 1954, no. 47: 364-365; baiga [Hare had horns, pricked Nanga Baiga with them while he was working; NB grabbed him by the horns, threw him into the sky; the horns fell off, fell on the head of a deer and remained there; Hare ran to the moon; if lured out from there, the moon will become as bright as the sun]: Elwin 1939: 333; bondo [a horse and a buffalo were friends; when going out to graze, they left their organs {what kind?} in one heap; one day they quarreled over them; the horse knocked out part of what the buffalo had, carried off the rest; the buffalo had to take the horse's organs; he trampled his broken piece into the ground, a banana grew; the buffalo always butts the banana, remembering what happened]: Elwin 1954, No. 25: 351; sora (Hill Saora) [people and domestic animals had horns, wild ungulates did not; one young man got together with a girl, others caught them, he ran out the door, knocked his horns on the lintel; thus gradually people lost their horns; the sambhar have the horns of men, the deer (Barking deer) have the horns of women; that is why men go bald]: Elwin 1954, No. 48: 365-366; sora (Lanjhia) [women had teeth in their vaginas; everyone went to a dog wedding and Sarkigudi's bitch asked her mistress to swap vaginas so that she wouldn't be bothered so much; then night and day changed places, the woman's vagina was left without teeth, and the dogs lost their speech and the dog's vagina tightly clamped the male's penis]: Elwin 1949, No. 24: 385-386.
Malaysia – Indonesia. Toraja [while going to a festival a hornbill borrowed a necklace from a green dove and did not return it; since then it has white spots on its neck]: Kleiven de Zwaan 1916: 453 (retold in Dähnhardt 1910, no. 30: 133); Javanese (probably, although Sundanese are not excluded): Kratz 1973, no. 5 [the crow was white, the Sanca snake was terribly poisonous, and the Laki snake was harmless; the crow promised L. to become poisonous; asked S. to show how poisonous she was; she spat poison, and all living things in that direction died; the crow brought a leaf, asked her to burp poison on it; S. did so, said that she had no more poison; the crow took the leaf and told L. to swallow the poison; other snakes licked the leaf and also became poisonous, although smaller; the leaf itself also stings; S. chased the crow; it asked the dyer to paint it black and S. did not recognize it], 18 [the crows were white; one crow took feathers from the peacocks, but the peacocks did not accept it, and the crows also refused; she began to fly alone, but the young crows liked it, they began to paint each other and became black; when the old crows died, only the black ones remained]: 32-34, 114-116; Sundanese [the santja snake was the most poisonous of all, it spat poison; it killed a married couple; when they were buried, the white crow was covered with earth and it turned black; the crow complained to the snake; she decided that it was not good to be so poisonous, gave the poison to wasps, mosquitoes and all other biting creatures, and herself became harmless to people]: Kern 1908, No. 4: 67; mangarai [The Buffalo had no horns, but the Rat had horns, they prevented her from getting into her hole; she agreed to give them to the Buffalo in exchange for the wool from his belly]: Burger 1941, No. 10: 269; Roti [on a hot day, the buffalo and the cow took off their skins and began to bathe; suddenly it started to rain; they rushed to put on their skins and accidentally swapped; that is why they do not fit them well]: Kleivan de Zwaan 1916: 451.
Taiwan – Philippines. Bunun [man emerged from a rotten calabash, and woman from a clay vessel; therefore man is lighter and more energetic; the first woman gave birth to children without the participation of a man, but her descendants felt sexual desire; the girl led the guy into the forest for firewood and bent over; seeing the vulva, he understood what he had to do; but during the day people were so tired that by evening they were no longer able to assume the appropriate position; dogs copulated face to face; agreed to exchange with people]: Coyaud 2012, No. 50: 109-110.
China - Korea. Chinese : Tishkov 1957 [Yu-di invites animals to the Jade Palace to determine those by which to count the years; the mouse promised to wake up the cat and go together, but left alone; the dragon begged the rooster to lend him his horns for a week; the centipede persuaded the rooster to agree; they chose 12: ox, horse, ram, dog, pig, hare, tiger, dragon, snake, monkey, rooster, mouse; let the biggest one be first; the mouse sits on the ox's back, people say, What a huge mouse (nobody says, What a huge ox ), the cycle begins with the mouse, followed by the ox; the dragon did not return the rooster's horns, the rooster now pecks centipedes; in his cry one can hear a request to the dragon to return the horns; [the cat, angry with the mouse for not waking her, hunts the mice]: 77-79 (=Riftin 1972: 27-32; =1987: 27-31); Ting Nai-Tung 1978, no. 235A. An Animal Borrows Horns, etc., from a Bird or Another Animal, and then refuses to return them. Many entries (without details); Dähnhardt 1910 [the horns belonged to the Dog, not the Deer; he asked the Ducks to ask the Dog to lend him the horns to defeat the Goat; the Ducks refused, but the Hen agreed; having received the horns, the Deer ran off into the forest; since then the Hens cluck, telling the Deer to return the horns to the Dog, and the Ducks quack, saying that they knew how it would all turn out]: 131; Chinese (Zhejiang) [a rooster had horns; he lent them to a dragon so that the dragon could impress him in the sky; the dragon did not return them; in the morning the rooster crows, demanding his horns back]: Eberhard 1937, no. 1: 13; Chinese (Jiangsu) [formerly a dog wore shoes that were made of plum blossoms and were very light, and a hare wore heavy shoes made of iron. The hare wanted to swap with the dog and said: "Look at my good shoes! Iron, they won't wear out. If you want, we'll swap." The dog hesitated, then the hare said: "If you don't like it, we'll swap back!" The dog agreed, the dog put on the iron shoes, realized that they were heavy, and wanted to swap back, but the hare had already run away. since then dogs chase hares, trying to change back, and the tracks of hares look like plum petals]: Zhou Yang et al. 1998a: 530; Chinese (Jiangxi; same text, confusion) [=1998, zhongguo minjian gushi jicheng. Jiangsu juan (collection of chinese folktales. Jiangsu volume. National editorial committee of chinese folk literature, ed. Beijing: zhongguo wenlian chuban gongsi. 838 p. 407, why the dog chases the hare, p. 530-531; The dog wore shoes made of plum blossoms and was light, and the hare wore heavy shoes made of iron. Hare: "Look at my shoes - iron, they will not wear out. If you want, we can swap." The dog was hesitant. Hare: "If you don't like it, we can swap back!" The dog agreed, put on the iron shoes, wanted to swap back, but the hare ran away. Since then, dogs chase hares, trying to swap back, and the hares' tracks look like plum petals]: Chen, Wang 1989d: 529-533; lisu : Dessaint, Ngwâma 1994 [when people copulated, they could not separate for three days; Vὸusa ordered the dogs to exchange genitals with people, because dogs do not work, and it is not scary if they cannot separate for a long time after copulation]: 162; Durrenberger 1977 [earlier, when people copulated, they could not separate for a long time; they asked God to change the situation; he ordered the dogs to exchange genitals with people, because dogs do not work, and it is not scary if they cannot separate for a long time after copulation]: 61.
Balkans. Hungarians [God gave the horse horns but no teeth; the hornless cow has two rows of teeth; she asked to be given the horse's horns for protection; God and the horse agreed, the cow received the horns and in exchange gave the horse's (upper) teeth; the horse bares his teeth and the cow shakes her horns]: Dähnhardt 1910: 125 (=Krappe 1930: 62); Romanians [the nightingale had no buttocks and asked the tick to borrow one; he liked it so much that he did not give it back and now it has no anus; 2) the wagtail had no tail; went to a wedding and asked the wren to lend her its tail; did not return it; 3) the hoopoe had no crest; he borrowed it from the cuckoo and did not give it back]: Dägnhardt 1910, no. 41: 139.
Central Europe. Russian (Novgorod, Borovichi district) [manuscript by Fyodor Pardalotsky "Some local Borovichi words. Local Borovichi riddles, proverbs, superstitions, signs and legends" (1848): the cat used to have no eyes; one day she asked a copperhead for her eyes so she could go to a wedding and never gave them back, which is why the copperhead became blind]: Zelenin 1915, no. 6: 858; Russian (Nizhny Novgorod) [the fox suggested that the moose swap legs; however, both were unhappy and swapped back]: Belova, Kabakova 2014, no. 151: 125-126; Russian (place of entry not specified) [the copperhead is believed to be very poisonous, evil and blind; if she had eyes, 40 mothers would cry every day and 40 people would die from her; before she was sighted, and the cat was blind; the cat asked the copperhead for her eyes for a while, so that she could go to a party; the copperhead agreed and gave them to the cat; she did not give her eyes back]: Ermolov 1905a: 396;
Ukrainians (Hutsuls) [The cow had teeth but no horns; The horse had horns because it was the devil's creation, but it had no teeth; The horse and the cow swapped]: Belova 2004a, no. 375: 176; (cf. Petnikov 1956 [A bull and a horse decided to run a race; the bull fell into a ditch and decided that the ground had caved in under him; since then, bulls only run if they are beaten with a switch]: 69); Ukrainians (Podolia) [The nightingale had no butt; when he went to a festival, he borrowed the butt from a tick but did not return it; the tick promised to take the butt back when the nightingale fell asleep; that is why he does not sleep all night]: Dähnhardt 1910, no. 40: 138-139; Poles (Krakow Voivodeship) [when a horse offered a cow to exchange her teeth for horns, she gave him the teeth from one jaw; therefore the cow has no teeth on her upper jaw]: Belova 2004a, no. 375: 176; Czechs [the hoopoe had no crest; on his way to a wedding, he borrowed it from a cuckoo and did not give it back]: Dähngardt 1910, no. 42: 139.
Baltoscandia. Estonians : Jakobson 1954: 42-43 [The Forest Master took away the Copperhead's eyes; promised to return them if she would crawl back and forth through the axle of a wheel; the Copperhead crawled one way, the wheel was carried away; got one eye back; the Nightingale was also one-eyed; asked the Copperhead for an eye for the night so that he could go to the wedding; did not return it, was left with two eyes; the blind Copperhead destroys the nightingales' nests], 91-95 [(=1987: 60-63); The Fox pesters the fisherman with stupid questions (why is he making a raft, why is he going to cast the seine; asks him to make her a raft), he throws her on a stone in the middle of the water; the Fox pretends that she cannot swim, calls the fish to take her to the shore; rejects the Pike, Burbot, Ruff; agrees to the Eel's offer, grabs it, throws it ashore; roasts the eel, mistakes the crackling of the fire for the barking of dogs, gets scared, then beats the fire, the hot coals burn out her eyes; the Fox asks the Birch, Pine, Spruce to give her eyes, they refuse; the Aspen believes that the Fox has forgotten her eyes on the mountain, that she will go for hers and return them to the Aspen; the Fox goes away, singing how she deceived the Aspen; the latter rushed after her, but in her blindness only stepped on her tail; the tip of the fox's tail is now white, and the Aspen's leaves tremble with anger]; Kippar 2010, No. V.5 (Äksi khk, Tartumaa) [The Fox put the fish in the hot ashes to bake, fell asleep; when she woke up, she could not find the fish; she began to hit the fire with a stick, the flying ashes blinded her; the Fox goes, asks the trees to lend her eyes; Birch and Spruce refuse, Aspen gives, Fox did not return; Aspen saw her, chased her, grabbed her by the tip of her tail, it has since become white]: 90; Livs {the plot is clearly borrowed, but how? hardly directly from Malta or India} [the peacock, a large bird, was left without food; the thrush agreed to give him grain {ühe mati} if he would give up his beautiful feathers; the peacock had to agree; the thrush took the grains from a mouse hole, gave them to the peacock, and now he has beautiful feathers; and the peacock is naked from behind]: Loorits 2000(5): 172; (cf. Livs [two variants; the dog had a book that freed him from work, and the cat worked; one day the dog was lying down and reading his book; the cat snatched it and ran away; since then the cat has been lying around and doing nothing, and the dog guards the house and tries to catch the cat]: Loorits 2000(5): 170); Karelians (Finland) [a jay went to a wedding, borrowed a beautiful outfit from a cuckoo, but did not return it]: Dähnhardt 1910, no. 43: 140; Western Sami: Klaus 1995 [The Fox pretends to be dead, a man with a caravan of sleds picks her up, throws her onto the first sled, she slides off; she remains lying down only when thrown onto the last one, which has salmon; throws the salmon off the sled, runs away; she tells the Bear, Wolverine, and Hare that she caught fish in the ice-hole; ties one salmon to her tail, says that she got a bite; shouts that a man is coming, the others jump up, their tails are broken (Wolverine's is in the middle); the Fox hides under the roots of a pine tree, the Bear tries to get her, she says that he grabbed not her leg, but a root, and when the Bear grabs the root, the Fox pretends that he grabbed her leg; nevertheless, the Bear got the Fox, carried her away, she sees a motley woodpecker, says that she painted it at one time; The Bear also wants to be spotted, promises to be patient; the Fox ties him up, leaves him in a pit with burning brushwood; the Bear is burned, the Fox carries his bones in a sack, hits one on the sack, answers a passerby that the sack contains her parents' inheritance; the shepherd agrees to buy him, gives a reindeer team in exchange; the Fox took Stallo, the Wolf and the Mouse as workers, ordered them to slaughter the reindeer, ordered Flea and Hare to cook the meat; she went to wash the stomach, hit it against the stone, shouting that it was not she who killed it, but the workers; Stallo and the others were afraid that the owner of the reindeer had come, they ran away; the Fox threw hot brands at the Hare (hit the tips of the ears) and at the Flea (burned the tail), they ran away; that shepherd came, the Fox said that her workers and relatives ate everything, here is one of them - Laska; the shepherd threw a firebrand at him, the tip of his tail turned black; the fox on the shore calls the fish to carry her to the other shore; successively rejects all (listed), accepts the help of a salmon; calls it to the shore, grabs it, carries it to fry in an empty tent; the roast sizzles, the fox thinks that people have arrived, jumps out; realizing what is going on, hits the salmon, splashes of fat burn her eyes; the fox goes, asking the trees, but will they lend her eyes; two types of pine do not give them, a birch gives them, the fox runs away, the birch manages to hit her on the tail, since then the tip is white]: 3-10; Kohl-Larsen 1982 [retold in Dähnhardt 1910: 129; the fox began to beg a fisherman for fish; he offered her moss to eat, and then grabbed her by the tail and threw her into the water; the fox swam out onto a rock, then onto the shore, found a fish forgotten by a fisherman, a hot fire, began to fry the fish; noticing that people were approaching, the fox decided to eat the fish faster, hit it against the rock, the hot piece flew off, burning its eyes; the fox went, asking the trees to lend her eyes; the birch: I only have one, I need one myself; the pine also refused; the beech: why are you walking straight towards me? fox: I forgot my eyes, lend them to me; the beech: I won’t give them to you; the aspen agreed to lend the fox her eyes for a short time; having regained his sight, the fox shouted that he would never get his eyes back; the aspen tried to hit her, but only hit her tail, that’s why its tip is white]: 177-179; Poestion 1886, No. 1 (Karasjok, Northern Sami dialect) [seeing a man with a caravan of sleds, the fox pretended to be dead; the man put it on the first sled,the fox slid off; moved it to the second, etc.; finding itself on the last one, where there was fish, the fox threw it off and jumped off herself; tells the bear that she caught fish, lowering her tail into the ice-hole; when the tail froze, the fox began to call people; the bear tore off his tail, ran away; the fox also ran away, hid under a root, asks her limbs how they helped; leg: ran quickly; ear: listened attentively; nose: sniffed well; tail: showed them to run here; the bear pulled the fox out by the tail, carries her to eat; passes by a spotted woodpecker; fox: there was a time when I painted birds! the bear wants to become spotted too; fox: for that you first need to be tied up; the fox tied him up and burned him, collected the bones in a sack, they rattled, a man he met with reindeer harnessed to a sled believed that there was gold and silver in the sack; gave him reindeer for the sack; the fox: it could be opened after passing five or six mountains; she wished that the man's skis would break; they broke; that the legs of the reindeer remaining with the man would break; they broke; having come to the reindeer received for the bear bones, the fox called for helpers to kill them: a bear, a wolf, a wolverine, an ermine, a mouse, an arctic fox, a snake, a grass snake, a frog; the bear shot him in the chin (now the reindeer has a spot there - a "bear's arrow"); the wolf - in the hind leg (there is a spot called a "bear's arrow"); the wolverine - in the back of the head (there is a spot called a "wolverine's arrow"); the ermine - in the throat, the mouse - in the hoof, the grass snake - in the backside (the same for everyone), the Arctic fox - in the base of the ear (there is now a bone called the "Arctic fox arrow"), the grass snake - in the intestines (a sign on the visceral fat), the frog - in the heart (there is cartilage under the fat called the "frog arrow"); that's how they finished off all the deer; the fox went to wash the intestines, hid behind a stone, and began to scream as if she had been caught; the animals got scared and ran away, only the ermine and the mouse remained; at that time the deceived man approached; the fox: it was my assistants who substituted bones for gold; the man hit the ermine on the tip of the tail with a pot hook over the fire, the tip turned black; the mouse hit it with a firebrand, that's why it turned completely black; the fox came to the man who was making a boat: I want one too; in response, the man threw the fox into the river, it climbed out onto a stone; every fish offers to take her to the shore, the fox rejects each one; pike - slippery, I can't resist; perch - dorsal fin scratches; trout - didn't come either; salmon; fox: swim closer; the fox grabbed it, threw it ashore, she herself there, made a fire, began to fry the salmon; branches crackle, it seems to the fox that people are coming; then she understood; threw a stone at the salmon, fat splashed into her eyes, the fox went blind; she goes, asks the trees if they have an extra pair of eyes; the birch refuses to give, the aspen agrees to lend for a while; the fox took her eyes forever; the aspen only managed to hit her on the tip of her tail, it turned white]: 7-15 easternasks its limbs how they helped; leg: ran quickly; ear: listened keenly; nose: sniffed well; tail: showed them to run here; the bear pulled the fox by the tail, carries him to eat; passes by a spotted woodpecker; fox: there was a time when I painted little birds! the bear wants to become spotted too; fox: to do that you first need to tie you up; the fox tied him up and burned him, collected the bones in a sack, they rattled, a man they met with reindeer harnessed to a sled believed that there was gold and silver in the sack; traded reindeer for the sack; fox: it can be opened after passing five or six mountains; wished that the man's skis would break; they broke; that the legs of the reindeer remaining with the man would break; they broke; Having come to the deer received for the bear bones, the fox called for helpers to kill them: a bear, a wolf, a wolverine, an ermine, a mouse, an arctic fox, a snake, a grass snake, a frog; the bear shot them in the chin (now the deer has a spot there - a "bear arrow"); the wolf - in the hind leg (there is a spot "bear arrow"); the wolverine - in the back of the head (spot "wolverine arrow"); the ermine - in the throat, the mouse - in the hoof, the grass snake - in the back (the same for everyone), the arctic fox - in the base of the ear (there is now a bone "arctic arrow"), the grass snake - in the intestines (a sign on the visceral fat), the frog - in the heart (there is cartilage under the fat "frog arrow"); so they finished off all the deer; the fox went to wash the intestines, hid behind a stone, and began to scream as if she had been caught; the animals got scared and ran away, only the ermine and the mouse remained; at that time the deceived man came up; the fox: it was my helpers who substituted bones for gold; the man hit the ermine on the tip of its tail with a pot hook over the fire, the tip turned black; the mouse hit with a firebrand, that's why it turned all black; the fox came to the man who was making a boat; I want one too; in response, the man threw the fox into the river, it climbed out onto a rock; each fish offers to take it to the shore, the fox rejects each one; the pike is slippery, I can't resist; the perch - the dorsal fin scratches; the trout - did not come either; salmon; the fox: swim closer; the fox grabbed it, threw it ashore, she herself there too, made a fire, began to fry the salmon; the branches crackle, it seems to the fox that people are coming; then she understood; threw a stone at the salmon, the fat splashed into her eyes, the fox went blind; she goes and asks the trees if they have an extra pair of eyes; the birch refuses to give them, the aspen agrees to lend them for a while; the fox took her eyes forever; the aspen only managed to hit her on the tip of her tail, it turned white]: 7-15 easternasks its limbs how they helped; leg: ran quickly; ear: listened keenly; nose: sniffed well; tail: showed them to run here; the bear pulled the fox by the tail, carries him to eat; passes by a spotted woodpecker; fox: there was a time when I painted little birds! the bear wants to become spotted too; fox: to do that you first need to tie you up; the fox tied him up and burned him, collected the bones in a sack, they rattled, a man they met with reindeer harnessed to a sled believed that there was gold and silver in the sack; traded reindeer for the sack; fox: it can be opened after passing five or six mountains; wished that the man's skis would break; they broke; that the legs of the reindeer remaining with the man would break; they broke; Having come to the deer received for the bear bones, the fox called for helpers to kill them: a bear, a wolf, a wolverine, an ermine, a mouse, an arctic fox, a snake, a grass snake, a frog; the bear shot them in the chin (now the deer has a spot there - a "bear arrow"); the wolf - in the hind leg (there is a spot "bear arrow"); the wolverine - in the back of the head (spot "wolverine arrow"); the ermine - in the throat, the mouse - in the hoof, the grass snake - in the back (the same for everyone), the arctic fox - in the base of the ear (there is now a bone "arctic arrow"), the grass snake - in the intestines (a sign on the visceral fat), the frog - in the heart (there is cartilage under the fat "frog arrow"); so they finished off all the deer; the fox went to wash the intestines, hid behind a stone, and began to scream as if she had been caught; the animals got scared and ran away, only the ermine and the mouse remained; at that time the deceived man came up; the fox: it was my helpers who substituted bones for gold; the man hit the ermine on the tip of its tail with a pot hook over the fire, the tip turned black; the mouse hit with a firebrand, that's why it turned all black; the fox came to the man who was making a boat; I want one too; in response, the man threw the fox into the river, it climbed out onto a rock; each fish offers to take it to the shore, the fox rejects each one; the pike is slippery, I can't resist; the perch - the dorsal fin scratches; the trout - did not come either; salmon; the fox: swim closer; the fox grabbed it, threw it ashore, she herself there too, made a fire, began to fry the salmon; the branches crackle, it seems to the fox that people are coming; then she understood; threw a stone at the salmon, the fat splashed into her eyes, the fox went blind; she goes and asks the trees if they have an extra pair of eyes; the birch refuses to give them, the aspen agrees to lend them for a while; the fox took her eyes forever; the aspen only managed to hit her on the tip of her tail, it turned white]: 7-15 easternso that the man's skis would break; they would break; so that the legs of the deer remaining with the man would break; they would break; having come to the deer received for the bear bones, the fox called for helpers to kill them: a bear, a wolf, a wolverine, an ermine, a mouse, an arctic fox, a snake, a grass snake, a frog; the bear shot him in the chin (now there is a spot on the deer there - a "bear arrow"); the wolf - in the hind leg (there is a spot "bear arrow"); the wolverine - in the back of the head (spot "wolverine arrow"); the ermine - in the throat, the mouse - in the hoof, the grass snake - in the back (the same for everyone), the arctic fox - in the base of the ear (there is now a bone "arctic arrow"), the grass snake - in the intestines (a sign on the visceral fat), the frog - in the heart (there is cartilage under the fat "frog arrow"); So they finished off all the deer; the fox went to wash its guts, hid behind a stone, and began to scream as if it had been caught; the animals got scared and ran away, only the ermine and the mouse remained; at that moment the deceived man came up; the fox: it was my helpers who substituted bones for gold; the man hit the ermine on the tip of its tail with a pot hook over the fire, the tip turned black; the mouse hit it with a firebrand, that’s why it turned all black; the fox came to the man who was making a boat: I want one too; in response, the man threw the fox into the river, it climbed out onto a stone; every fish offered to take it ashore, the fox rejected each one; the pike: slippery, I can’t resist; the perch: its dorsal fin scratches; the trout: didn’t come either; the salmon; the fox: swim closer; the fox grabbed it, threw it ashore, and went there herself, made a fire, and began to fry the salmon; the branches are cracking, the fox thinks people are coming; then she understood; she threw a stone at the salmon, fat splashed into her eyes, the fox went blind; she goes, asks the trees if they have an extra pair of eyes; the birch refuses to give it, the aspen agrees to lend it for a while; the fox took her eyes forever; the aspen only managed to hit her on the tip of her tail, it turned white]: 7-15 easternso that the man's skis would break; they would break; so that the legs of the deer remaining with the man would break; they would break; having come to the deer received for the bear bones, the fox called for helpers to kill them: a bear, a wolf, a wolverine, an ermine, a mouse, an arctic fox, a snake, a grass snake, a frog; the bear shot him in the chin (now there is a spot on the deer there - a "bear arrow"); the wolf - in the hind leg (there is a spot "bear arrow"); the wolverine - in the back of the head (spot "wolverine arrow"); the ermine - in the throat, the mouse - in the hoof, the grass snake - in the back (the same for everyone), the arctic fox - in the base of the ear (there is now a bone "arctic arrow"), the grass snake - in the intestines (a sign on the visceral fat), the frog - in the heart (there is cartilage under the fat "frog arrow"); So they finished off all the deer; the fox went to wash its guts, hid behind a stone, and began to scream as if it had been caught; the animals got scared and ran away, only the ermine and the mouse remained; at that moment the deceived man came up; the fox: it was my helpers who substituted bones for gold; the man hit the ermine on the tip of its tail with a pot hook over the fire, the tip turned black; the mouse hit it with a firebrand, that’s why it turned all black; the fox came to the man who was making a boat: I want one too; in response, the man threw the fox into the river, it climbed out onto a stone; every fish offered to take it ashore, the fox rejected each one; the pike: slippery, I can’t resist; the perch: its dorsal fin scratches; the trout: didn’t come either; the salmon; the fox: swim closer; the fox grabbed it, threw it ashore, and went there herself, made a fire, and began to fry the salmon; the branches are cracking, the fox thinks people are coming; then she understood; she threw a stone at the salmon, fat splashed into her eyes, the fox went blind; she goes, asks the trees if they have an extra pair of eyes; the birch refuses to give it, the aspen agrees to lend it for a while; the fox took her eyes forever; the aspen only managed to hit her on the tip of her tail, it turned white]: 7-15 easternshe climbed onto a rock; every fish offered to take her ashore, the fox rejected each one; the pike - slippery, I can't resist; the perch - the dorsal fin scratches; the trout - didn't come either; salmon; the fox: come closer; the fox grabbed it, threw it ashore, she herself there, made a fire, began to fry the salmon; the branches crackled, it seemed to the fox that people were walking; then she understood; she threw a rock at the salmon, fat splashed into her eyes, the fox went blind; she goes, asks the trees if they have an extra pair of eyes; the birch refuses to give, the aspen agrees to lend for a while; the fox took her eyes forever; the aspen only managed to hit her on the tip of her tail, it turned white]: 7-15 easternshe climbed onto a rock; every fish offered to take her ashore, the fox rejected each one; the pike - slippery, I can't resist; the perch - the dorsal fin scratches; the trout - didn't come either; salmon; the fox: come closer; the fox grabbed it, threw it ashore, she herself there, made a fire, began to fry the salmon; the branches crackled, it seemed to the fox that people were walking; then she understood; she threw a rock at the salmon, fat splashed into her eyes, the fox went blind; she goes, asks the trees if they have an extra pair of eyes; the birch refuses to give, the aspen agrees to lend for a while; the fox took her eyes forever; the aspen only managed to hit her on the tip of her tail, it turned white]: 7-15 easternSami (Inari) [the fox asks the fish to carry her across the river; rejects the catfish (slippery), pike (flat back), perch (spiny), grayling (large scales), whitefish (saw-like spine), char, trout; when a salmon swims up, asks to come closer to the shore and grabs it; starts frying it, the fat crackles, the fox gets scared; hits the salmon on a rock, drops of hot fat burn its eyes; asks various trees if they can lend her their eyes; a large pine and a smaller pine refuse; a birch agrees to let her try; the fox takes her eyes and says she will never give them back; the birch rushes after the fox, but only hits the end of the tail with its branches, so it turns white]: Koskiemi, Itkonen 2019: 22–23; Eastern Saami [the fox is so cunning that all the animals are angry with her; a bear, a wolf, a marten, an Arctic fox and a hare come to her; the fox: let's eat the smallest one; they ate the hare, then the marten, the Arctic fox and the wolf; the bear is going to eat the fox; the fox: not here, carry it over the mountains; pointing to the woodpecker: she painted his back well; the bear agrees to let the fox paint him too; collects twigs and willow branches; tied with branches, surrounded by branches, the fox burns him alive; carries bones in a sack; tells the man that he is carrying the bones of his uncle and grandfather; the man gives him a doe in exchange for them; the fox cannot kill her, calls the bear and the wolf for help, they give her the stomach; the fox steps aside, begins to scream that it was not she who killed the doe, but the wolf and the bear; they ran away, leaving the meat; began to fry it; fat drips onto a hot stone, hissing; the fox hit the stone with its meat, the splashes burned its eyes; the pine, alder, and birch did not give it eyes (they are filled with resin in the spring; fragile; narrow), but the oak gave them; the fox asks the eyes if they can see far; the eyes – far; the ears (they hear far); the legs (run quickly); the tail (I will cling to trees and bushes); the fox got angry at the tail, returned to the den, made a fire there, began to warm up, and stuck out her tail so that it would freeze]: Ermolov 1959: 40-43; Eastern Saami [a man and a fox lived together; left alone, the fox began to fry lard, burned her face, and went blind; the man took her to a pine tree and stuck resin into her eye sockets; the fox sees, but her eyes stick together; then he put pieces of birch bark to the birch tree; the fox went home; another fox digs a hole under a tree; the fox thinks it is a house; the man pulls her tail, tears it off; finds gold in the fox's house]: Kharuzin 1890: 344; Lithuanians [a jay takes and does not return a cuckoo's outfit]: Uther 2004(1), No. 235: 149.
Turkestan. Kazakhs [a deer asked a camel for his horns to visit, a horse for his tail; each says that he will give up his horns (tail) when the camel grows a tail (horns); the camel drinks, looking back, because it is waiting for the return of debtors]: Bennigsen 1912 (city of Kobdo) [{is this the original for Sidelnikov?}]: 19-20; Sidelnikov 1958(1): 172; 1971(1): 137; Yugurs (Mongol-speaking) [the plot is known]: P. Rykin, personal communication 26.04.2015 with a link to a Mongolian-language publication.
Southern Siberia - Mongolia. Telengits [the camel had horns like a maral, a tail like a horse; the maral lent the horns, the horse lent the tail to go to a wedding; both did not return; therefore, when the camel drinks, it looks back - are they coming to return them]: Yadanova 2013, No. 19: 169 (= Oinotkina et al. 2011, No. 50: 161); Altai [the camel had maral horns and a horse's tail; the maral was going to a wedding and asked to lend him the horns; but did not return them; now, when the camel drinks, it looks back {is the maral bringing the horns back}; the horse went to the wedding and lent the tail (ditto)]: Oinotkina et al. 2011, No. 50: 161; Tuvans : Alekseev et al. 2010, No. 26 [the deer asked the horse to give him his horns in exchange for his mane and tail; he happily agreed]: 77; Vatagin 1971 [The deer goes to a celebration, at a watering hole asks the Camel to lend him his horns; the Horse goes to the races, asks to borrow his tail; both do not give it back; since then the Camel rarely drinks, the deer loses his horns every year (they are stolen), the Horse does not like to meet with the Camel]: ? (=Khadakhane 1984: 109-110; =Taksami 1988: 205-206); Kalzan 1964 [the camel had horns and a mane with a tail; the camel greedily drank water, the horse asked him to borrow his mane and tail for a day, the deer asked for the horns, both did not return; since then the camel drinks less and less, but looks to see if there is a horse or a maral in front of it]: 137-138; Khalkha- Mongols [report by V.A. Kazakevich on his trip to Gobi in 1924; a deer asked a camel to lend him his antlers and did not give them back; they began to fall off every spring as punishment for the deception]: Nosov 2014: 217; Mongols : Potanin 1881, No. 27 [the camel ate people, it had maral antlers; one khan put a wooden stick through its nose, tied a leash to it, and began to carry firewood and dung on it; the maral (Cervus Elaphus), which had horns like a reindeer (Cervus tarandus), was going to the wedding of a lion and a tiger, asked the camel for the horns for a while; did not return them; the camel now looks around, holding its head high, to see if a deer is coming; the deer loses its horns every year because they are strangers]: 167-168; Skorodumova 2003 [the Camel had horns and a bushy tail; the Deer borrowed its horns to go to a meeting of animals, the horse borrowed its tail, both did not return them; when the Camel drinks, it spins around, seeing its reflection, and looks back to see if a deer and a horse are coming; the deer loses its horns every year because they are strangers]: 52-53; Taube 2004, No. 12 (Sukhebator aimag) [The Deer borrowed the Camel's horns and did not return them; when the Camel drinks, it looks back to see if a Deer is coming]: 24; Oirats (Xinjiang) [the motif corresponds to the tale "Camel" from the collection "Betege caγān boqširγo", published in 1981 in Urumqi in the series "Folklore of the Oirats of Xinjiang" {without details; original verification required}]: Ubushieva, Damrinjav 2020: 16; Dagurs[the horned camel looked down on the hornless deer; on his way to visit a tiger, the tiger asked to borrow his horns; the camel lent them; the deer wanted to return them, but saw wolves by the river and went into the forest; the camel still refuses to look at its reflection in the water, but looks up and around to see if a deer is coming]: Kevin et al. 1994: 83-84; bao'an (Qinghai, Tongren County) [a rat and a mole were friends; the rat had a beautiful tail, and the mole had beautiful eyes; while they were walking, a wind arose and dust and sand got into the mole's eyes; he thought that it would be good if he had a beautiful tail along with his eyes; the rat, in turn, decided that the mole's sharp eyes could be useful; she offered to swap; the mole agreed; The rat thought that he might not keep his word, so she gathered all the animals she knew and said: "I am going to exchange my beautiful tail for his ugly eyes"; the exchange took place; from that time on the mole became blind; ashamed of his friends, he buried himself in the ground and never showed himself again]: Todayeva 1964: 123-124.
Japan. Japanese [the jay takes and does not return the cuckoo's outfit]: Uther 2004(1), No. 235: 149.
Arctic. Caribou [Musk Ox gave his horns to a Walrus, who gave him his tusks; but the tusks were found to crack in the cold; he gave them back to the Walrus, receiving his horns back]: Boas 1901, No. 4: 307; Netsilik [earlier walruses had horns and musk oxen had tusks; they were no good for either, so they swapped]: Rasmussen 1931: 408; (cf. Labrador Eskimos [Superguksoak made a muzzle out of her boots, and a caribou out of her trousers; the spots on the reindeer's skin correspond to the marks on the trousers; at first the walrus had horns, and the caribou had tusks; but the walrus overturned kayaks with its horns, and the caribou killed hunters with its tusks, so S. gave the tusks to the walrus, and the horns to the caribou]: Hawkes 1916: 160).
Subarctic. Kuchin [Beaver and Muskrat lived together; Beaver had a small tail and Muskrat had a large one; they swapped]: McKennan 1965: 127; Upper Tanana [Beaver is Muskrat's uncle; he had a small tail and Muskrat had a large one; Beaver suggested that they swap tails, Muskrat agreed]: McKennan 1959: 212.
NW Coast. Kwakiutl [Eagle asks Snail to exchange eyes for a while because he has noticed a war boat nearby; reports the boat to his tribesmen, they praise him, and he keeps his keen eyes for himself]: Wallace, Whitaker 1981: 114-115.
Coast - Plateau. Quinault [the trickster Xwone'xwone and Snail exchange eyes; it turns out that Snail was sharp-sighted, while X. has ordinary eyes; Snail marries a blind Crow; gives her first one, then the second eye; having become blind, Snail chops down not a tree, but the supports of a house; the house collapses and burns, Crow manages to fly out, turned black]: Farrand 1902, No. 2: 92; Quileute : Andrade 1931, No. 26 [the younger sister wants a dim star, the elder - a bright one; the younger wakes up with an old, the elder - with a young husband; the girls' father makes a bow; Whale, Bear, Moose cannot string it, Wren shoots, makes a chain of arrows; only Snail sees the arrow piercing the sky; Osprey borrows her eyes, does not return them; animal-men climb into the sky; Spider lowers her younger sister on a rope, she hangs between sky and earth, turns into a star; in the sky, Snow-bird, then Dog are sent for fire; both stay to warm themselves, do not return; Rabbit steals and brings fire; Rats spoil the weapons and clothes of the Stars; in the fight, many Stars are killed; animal-men descend to earth, the chain of arrows breaks; those remaining in the sky become stars]: 71-83; Clark 1953 [a man steals the sun from the sky; Wren offers to make a chain of arrows; first Shark, then Puma, Kingfisher, Hawk and others shoot successfully; the sky is cold; Wren rushes to the sun to warm himself; while some treat the man to baked roots, others carry off the sun; [the sisters sleep in the street; one wants a red star, the other a blue star; the stars take them to the sky; the red one is an old man with sore eyes, the blue one is a young one; the sisters want to go home, the stars send them to the earth; the earthly people decide to fight the heavenly people; (episodes with the Wren and the Snail as in Andrade); having climbed to the sky, the Raven and the Ray have a duel; the Ray turns sideways, and the Raven is wounded by a spear; the little bird asks the owners of the fire to let her warm herself; her breast turns red; (episode with the Beaver as in Andrade); [the heavenly people win, the earthly ones hurry back, the ladder breaks; the rest turn into stars, among them Skat]: 264-266; lower Chehalis (Uinuchi) [ Shwene wishes to be on top of a cliff; cannot get down, licks his sweat, eats his eyes; takes Owl's eyes and wings, comes down; an old woman gives him edible roots; he promises that his slave will give her a ride in a boat; there is no boat, but a stump; she puts bees in a basket under the roots, tells him to eat the food, climbing into a hollow; the bees eat out Sh.'s eyes, the hollow closes behind him; Yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella), Woodpecker pecks a hole; Sh. stumbles upon Snail's house; says that he is measuring it, makes himself eyes out of flowers, offers to trade with Snail; snails have been blind ever since]: Adamson 1934: 343-344; Upper Chehalis(satsop) [an old woman carries dried kamas tubers in a basket; Xwəne buys some tubers from her for a string of beads; they are actually red berries; he overtakes her, goes out again and buys; the third time he explains that they are five brothers, all looking the same; but the fourth time she is almost sure that it is the same man in front of her; X. offers to let his slave give her a ride in his boat, for which she gives him some dried salmon caviar; she waits a long time alone, then sees that the boat is just a stump; she collects hornets and when X. again offers to exchange beads for caviar, she gives him the basket, tells him to open it where there is no wind; X. opens the basket, the hornets sting him, he goes blind; he comes to the Snail's house; he says that he is measuring her house; he took her eyes, put berries in her eye sockets; X. came to where people played with his eyes; (episode omitted; X.'s eyes were somehow stolen); when the eyes were thrown to him, X. carried them off; tried to find the old woman, but could not find her]: Adamson 1934: 347-348; Upper Chehalis [The geese tell Xwαnä'xwαne not to look down at people if he wants to fly with them; X. sees a man, scolds him, the geese leave X. on the mountain, take his wings; he kills an owl, descends on its wings; meets a woman-monster, she is carrying camas tubers, he exchanges the tubers for a bead, but it is not a bead, but a stick; runs ahead several times and repeats the trick, says that their five brothers look alike; the woman collects bees in a basket, leaves them on a stump, tells the stump to close when X. climbs in; the stump closes, the bees blind him; The woodpecker made a hole, Sh. climbed out, made himself imaginary eyes from dandelion flowers, came to the Snail, pretends to measure her house; that he sees unusually far; The snail agreed to exchange eyes; when the dandelions withered, she went completely blind; Sh. caught a salmon, baked it, turned the milt into two girls; Sh. tries to get along with the girls, they run away; an old woman swings a baby on a swing; the girls kidnap him, replacing him with a rotten log; his mother conceived him from a blue stone, he is the Moon; she wrings out his diapers, makes the Sun from his brother's urine; The Blue Jay goes west, finds the Moon; The Moon is the husband of the women who kidnapped him; they bore him bushes and trees, the youngest is the mother of all fish; The Moon says goodbye to her fish children; on the way to earth, she transforms and destroys monsters; rises to the sky to give light during the day, but is too hot; weak brother Sun was supposed to give light at night, but is afraid of ghosts, gives too little light at night; Moon becomes moon, Sun becomes sun]: Adamson 1934: 173-177; Yakima [Deer and Rabbit went to the sweat lodge together; Deer ran off with Rabbit's clothes, leaving him his own; Deer now lives in the mountains, and Rabbit in the grass]: Hines 1992, no. 12: 50; Clackamas[part of Coyote's penis remains in girl; he cures her during copulation; escapes, sleeps in tree hollow; tells hole to close, cannot open; promises bird girls he will paint them if they make a hole; Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varins), Yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella) cannot, Woodpecker makes a hole; Coyote tries to rape her, she flies away, hole is too small; he sticks parts of his body out; Vulture carries off his eyes; he comes across a house, pretends to measure it; tells mistress he sees a louse crawling across the sky; she agrees to exchange eyes so that she can see too; Snail has been blind ever since]: Jacobs 1958, no. 9: 92-93; Tillamook : Jacobs, Jacobs 1959, #38 [two girls live underwater; South Wind copulates with them, falls asleep; wakes up in a stone sack; Little Woodpecker is unable to bore a hole; Yellowhammer girl breaks through a stone; South Wind begins to caress her, she flies away without finishing her work; South Wind takes himself apart, pushes them through the hole, puts himself back together; cannot find his eyes, Raven and Gull peck them out; puts berries in his eye sockets; persuades Eagle to briefly exchange eyes, runs away; Eagle takes Snail's eyes, she remains blind]: 128-129; Thompson, Egesdal 2008 [see motif M46A, "mock baby"; The South Wind (SW) meets two girls, they take him underwater, he is barely alive when they let him go; lies down to rest; tells a rock to block him from the wind, falls asleep, finds himself walled in on all sides; calls the woodpeckers, they are females; the Small Woodpecker breaks his beak, the Big One pecks a hole; SW reaches for the hips of the female Woodpecker, she flies away; he takes himself apart, pushes himself through the hole; cannot find his eyes, the Seagull and the Raven have taken them away; he makes new ones from berries (snowberries), but in fact he cannot see anything with them; stumbles upon the house of the Bald-Headed Eagle (LO), who asks why he is feeling the house; SW replies that he wants to try it on, he heard that the house is very big; LO replies that he is looking into the distance from the roof of the house; SW climbs onto the roof, asks if LO sees women on the other side of the sea; LO agrees to exchange eyes as a trial; having got LO's eyes, YV runs away, then takes Snail's eyes, they were sharp-sighted; LO takes Snail's voice {and, apparently, his eyes}, Snail is left without eyes and without a voice; then YV arranges the area in the Nehalem region]: 23-26; kus [like Tillamook; Trickster goes to sleep in a hollow, it grows over; Woodpecker girl; Raven carries off the entrails, Vulture - the eyes; Trickster lures Snail boy to come closer, takes his eyes]: Jacobs 1940, No. 29: 190-192; kalapuya[Coyote falls asleep, Blue Jay takes his eyes away; he makes new ones from briars; pretends to see a louse crawling across the sky; Snail Woman agrees to exchange eyes with him; Coyote gets half-blind eyes, but she remains completely blind: Nightingale Woman blows loudly; Coyote switches anuses with her to make the people laugh; scares away game, goes hungry, switches back; a man feeds his enormous penis with wood chips; Coyote switches penises, throws his new one across the river to the chief's bathing daughter; shouts to the other girls to cut off the tip with grass; switches penises again, returning his; the girl becomes ill; Coyote comes to her as a subspecies of shaman; tells everyone to sing loudly, copulates; water pours out of her vagina; the people send a louse, then a flea to look; both are washed away; the spider returns, reports; Coyote runs away]: Gatschet et al. 1945, no. 5: 238-244.
Midwest. Menominee [beaver liked the broad tail of the muskrat, not his thin one; coaxed and cajoled the muskrat until it agreed to exchange tails (apparently temporarily); but deceived it and did not return it]: Skinner, Saterlee 1915, No. 29: 405.
North-East. Malesit [beaver and muskrat exchange tails]: Speck 1917, JAF 30: 481f.
Southeastern United States. Cherokee [deer borrowed shoes and hat (i.e. antlers) from rabbit, did not return]: Kilpatrick, Kilpatrick 1964: 25-26; Choctaw [bullfrog had antlers, deer begged to lend them to him, did not return them, bullfrog has been roaring ever since, regretting the loss; then he ran away, has had to live in a hole without a tail ever since, his wife brought him e-because deer did wrong, he must shed his antlers every year]: Mould 2004: 203-204.
California. Pomo (Kashaya): Oswalt 1964, no. 8 [Rabbit had horns; Moose persuaded him to exchange his horns for long ears; after this, Rabbit became the fastest runner; Fox slowly smeared tar on his feet, Rabbit could no longer run; his relative Wild Cat cured him by cleaning the tar off his feet], 9 [approximately the same]: 75-81, 81-83; Nisenan [Coyote chases Rabbit; Rabbit's horns get caught in bushes, he gives them to Deer]: Uldall, Shipley 1966, no. 13: 53; Coast Miwok [Rabbit cries, wants the horn of his maternal uncle Moose; his sister persuades her brother to give Rabbit the horn; Moose warns him not to show it to anyone or they will take it away; two other Moose saw Rabbit, took away his horn, gave him long ears; Rabbit's lip burst and his eyes swelled from crying]: Kelly 1978, no. 9: 31.
NW Mexico. Warihio [Deer agrees to race Rabbit, gives him his hat, i.e. antlers, if he loses; loses, gives him his antlers; that is why the deer's antlers fall off every year]: Olmos Aguilera 2005: 203-204; Huichol : Lumholtz 1986 [Rabbit had antlers, but exchanged clothes with his father Deer]: 37; Furst 1989 [Deer lends Rabbit his antlers; he finds them too heavy, so he returns them; 3) Rabbit wins a river-jumping contest, takes the losing Deer's antlers; he finds them too heavy, so the gods tell him to return them; Rabbit is left with only his long ears]: 142-144.
Mesoamerica. Tepehua (Pisaflores) [The Rabbit had big horns, he couldn’t run with them; The Deer asked to borrow them, returned them in the evening; the same the next day; on the third day he didn’t return them]: Vigueras, Ríos López 2006: 6; итза [The dog had no tongue, she was thirsty and couldn’t drink. On the riverbank she saw a crocodile with a huge tongue. The dog tells the crocodile that he can eat her when she’s drunk, and asks to borrow her tongue for this. The crocodile gives it to her. The dog was gone. The crocodile is still waiting for his tongue to be returned, the dog doesn’t go near the river]: Lois, Vapnarsky 2010: 85-86; чел [the dog had no tongue; she leaned over the water and tried to drink, but couldn’t; a crocodile swam up with his mouth open; he waited for butterflies to land in his mouth to swallow them; seeing his long tongue, the dog asked to borrow it to drink; a dog sticks its tongue out of its mouth when it is tired]: Vázquez Álvarez, Coon sa; acatequi [The Rabbit lent his "hat" (antlers) to the Deer, who did not give them back; the King promises the Rabbit that he will get the antlers if he brings the skins of certain animals; the Rabbit distracts the animals by playing the guitar, then kills them; when he brings the skins to the King, the King does not give up the antlers, but stretches out the Rabbit's ears]: Peñalosa 1996, no. 6: 31; chuh [The Deer asks the Rabbit to let him wear his antlers; he never gives them back]: Kunst 1915: 357; Tzotzil : Laughlin 1977, no. 167 [Deer calls Rabbit big brother, asks to borrow his hat and shoes (i.e. horns and hooves) for a while, does not return them]: 377-378; Relatos Tzotziles 1995 [Rabbit had the horns and hooves; Deer says he is going to a party, asks Rabbit to borrow them; does not return them; God wanted it that way, because Rabbit would not be comfortable with the horns]: 50-55; kanjobal [Deer asked Rabbit to borrow his horns, did not give them to him; Rabbit complained to the king; the king promised to make Rabbit tall so that the horns would suit him better; for this he must bring 15 loads of skins; Rabbit began to play the guitar for the Snakes; he asked the Snake where her sensitive spot was so as not to hurt her; she replied that it was at the end of her tail; Rabbit kills Snakes, brings them to the king; same with Crocodile; invites Monkeys and Coatis to climb into sacks to weigh who is heavier; kills them all, brings skins to the king on Armadillo; the king says that if Rabbit gets big, he will become dangerous; pulls out his ears]: Peñalosa 1995b: 99-105; Kaqchikel , Kanjobal [Deer borrowed Rabbit's hat or shoes, supposedly to go for a walk; did not give them back]: Peñalosa 1996, No. 97: 55; Jacal-Tec: Montejo 1991 [at first the Rabbit has horns; the Deer asks for them for a short time, does not return them; the Creator says that nothing can be done, gives the Rabbit long ears in return; now he is clever and cautious]: 31-34; Montejo, Campbell 1993 [two chiefs try unsuccessfully to hit a deer, which is visible on the face of the Moon, with an arrow; the Fool (Simpleton) asks for permission to shoot, cuts off the deer's leg with an arrow; it falls into the sea, which was then boiling; the chiefs ask the Vulture to get the leg, he is scalded; the chiefs make him new eyes from the seeds of the miche tree, but he remains bald; the Fool easily gets the deer's leg; everyone eats meat, he gets only the bones; he grinds them, from the powder all the animals arise; he keeps them behind a fence; his mother, seeing the animals, laughs, the animals run away to the mountains; the deer had long ears, the rabbit had horns, they changed; only the Fox remains, he was tied up in the house; the Fool let him out; noticed that when the Fox blows wind, the smell is pleasant; sends a Louse to follow the Fox, but he lies down in the sun, the Louse crawls, the Fox bites it; sent a Flea, she jumped off the Fox, then jumped on again; but she forgot exactly where the Fox got the corn; the Mouse found a rock-grain, told the Fool; the Mouse and the Fox climbed into it through the hole, but it was too small for a man; var.: Qich Mam went after a large ant carrying a grain of corn; tied its waist to punish it, that's why ants have a narrow waist; the Woodpecker began to peck at the rock, broke its beak; KM began to play the marimba, and determined by the echo where the rock was thinner; lightning broke the rock, and there were grains of corn, beans, peppers, pumpkins, etc.; the burnt corn turned black, the less burnt corn turned red, and some remained white; KM called the people, and they sorted out the corn; KM had the smallest ears left, but the land was his, and it yielded the best harvest]: 100-103; tojolabal [The Rabbit answers the Deer why he is sad: God said that he would soon lose his antlers; the Deer already knew that he would get the antlers; he begged him to lend him the antlers for a short time; he promises to return them if the Rabbit overtakes him; he deafens him with a cry, and easily overtakes him]: Montemayor 1996(1): 74-75.
Northern Andes. Ihka [A dog came to the river to drink, but could not, because it was tongueless; borrowed a tongue from Caiman and did not return it, Caiman was left tongueless]: Bolinder 1925: 48; guajiro [a dog borrowed a tongue from a crocodile and did not return it; since then dogs do not go near water; one came, the crocodile seized it and carried it away]: Wilbert, Simoneau 1986(1), No. 72: 193.
Guiana. Warrau [snake and turtle exchange heads]: Wilbert 1970, no. 133 in Wilbert, Simoneau 1992b, motif A2247.2+: 1197; arekuna [Fox kidnaps child, gives to Tapiriha; he grows up, she makes him her husband; he returns to humans; Tapiriha is killed; father takes son from her womb; boy kills fish by diving into water; Stork persuades boy to bathe at waterfall where there are many fish; Water Serpent kills boy with arrow; father asks birds to kill serpent; most birds and animals cannot dive deep; two diving birds kill serpent with arrows; birds get voices and colors by taking pieces of serpent skin; animals also get colors by applying pieces of skin to themselves, deer get antlers by taking pieces of skin; At first the forest deer had the antlers of the savannah deer and vice versa; they changed because it is difficult for the forest deer to walk with large antlers; from the bones, blood, and flesh of the murdered boy grow various types of timbo (a liana containing poison for catching fish)]: Koch-Grünberg 1924, no. 22: 72-75.
Western Amazonia. The Sun exchanges the Fox's keen and sparkling eyes for his weak ones. Achuar [The Sun, Moon, and Fox bathe in a river, leave their eyes on the bank; the Sun comes out first, takes the Fox's eyes; he now has bright eyes, and the Fox had to take the Sun's ordinary ones]: Mowitz 1978: 17; Aguaruna : Akutz Nugkai et al. 1977(1) [The Sun and the Fox exchange eyes while bathing], no. 10, 11 [borrows the Fox's eyes to catch fish]: 233-238; Shuar [Yawa ("dog") was an unsuccessful hunter; Etsa ordered that hunters should not approach women, but that women should try to seduce them; Yawa did not give in to his wife, but she was dissatisfied; he ejaculated into her navel, ran away; people and dogs swapped penises, now dogs copulate for a long time, and people quickly; Yawa became a jaguar, ate his wife; people ran away, a girl with ulcers remained; Jaguar licked her wounds, took her as his wife; she was pregnant, he asks her to call her mother and relatives, promises that he will not eat them; mother advises to put a hot stone in Jaguar's mouth when he asks to brush his teeth; Jaguar died; when she went into labor, she was seated in front of a fire so that everything would burn; but from the drops of blood dogs and small feline predators arose]: Pelizzaro 1993: 91-94.
Montagna – Jurua. Eseeha [when the earth was still new, a bat stole the eyes of a sleeping marsh deer; he complained to a hummingbird; the hummingbird stole the eyes of the bat and returned them to the deer; since then he has been sleeping in the dense forest]: Hissink, Hahn 1961, no. 8: 183.
Southern Amazonia. Pereira [Tapirus has large antlers; Deer challenges him to a race; Tapir gets entangled with his antlers in the undergrowth, gives the antlers to Deer, who does not find them a problem]: Pereira 1987, no. 114: 601-603.