Yu.E. Berezkin, E.N. Duvakin

Thematic classification and distribution of folklore and mythological motifs by area

Analytical catalog

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B32A. Pursuers transform into aquatic mammals. .27.30.

The opponents of the hero sailing on the sea turn into seals or dolphins.

Ancient Greece, Turkmens.

The Balkans. Ancient Greece : Hymn. Hom. VII [the hymn "Dionysus and the Robbers", which is part of the "Homeric Hymns" and dates back, probably, to the 5th-4th centuries BC: Dionysus, in the guise of a simple youth, was walking along the shore; Tyrrhenian robbers seized him and put him on their ship; they tried to chain him, but the bars flew off both his hands and his feet; only the helmsman realized that this was a god, but the others did not listen to him; wine flowed through the ship, the smell of ambrosial rose around, grape vines entangled the sail and mast, wreaths appeared on the oarlocks; the robbers ordered the helmsman to steer the ship towards land; the captive turned into a lion, an enraged she-bear appeared in the middle of the ship; the lion tore the captain to pieces; "The rest, / When they saw, avoiding a cruel fate, hastily / The whole crowd jumped from the ship into the sacred sea / And turned into dolphins. / But he showed pity for the helmsman, / And held him back, and made him the happiest" (translated by V.V. Veresaev)]; Apollod. Bibl. III. 5. 3 ["Mythological Library" of Pseudo-Apollodorus (1st-2nd centuries): "Wishing to cross from the island of Icaria to the island of Naxos, Dionysus hired a trireme that belonged to Tyrrhenian pirates. They took him on board, but sailed past Naxos and set course for Asia, wishing to sell him there into slavery. But Dionysus turned the masts and oars into snakes, filling the ship with ivy branches and the singing of flutes. The pirates, seized by madness, all jumped into the sea and turned into dolphins. Thus people recognized Dionysus as a god and began to worship him. Dionysus went to Hades and brought his mother out of there, calling her Tiona. Together with her he ascended to heaven" (translated by V.G. Borukhovich)].

Iran – Central Asia. Turkmen [1) Seals – warriors of the infidel Pyrgovun-patysh, who fought against the Muslims. The warriors of this king pursue a Muslim ship at sea and for this, by order of God, were turned into seals by the prophet Suleiman. Since then, when a seal emerges to the surface of the water, it rotates its head in different directions, supposedly looking out for its enemy Suleiman; 2) Pyrgovun is pursued, cuts the surface of the sea with his staff and passes forward. The enemies who rushed after him disappear into the depths and turn into seals]: Demidov 1963: 128.