B33H. Mother of the Sun. .15.21.26.-.29.31.-.34.36.41.46.

The sun-man has a mother who lives with him in the same house.

Spaniards, Tibetans (Amdo), Ancient China, Chinese (Shanxi), Lisu, Ancient Greece, Croats, Hungarians, Serbs, Romanians, Macedonians, Bulgarians, Albanians, Gagauz, Greeks, Ukrainians (Carpathians, Kharkov, Kyiv), Abkhazians, Ingush, Georgians, Armenians, Eastern Saami, Lutsi, Setos, Udmurts, Dungans, Khakass, Dolgans, Upper Tanana, Gros Ventre, Hidatsa.

Southern Europe. Spanish (Extremadura) [a princess looks at the snow and the blood of an animal slaughtered by a shepherd; he recites a verse in which the blood is contrasted with the snow; there is a king who wakes up once a year on Midsummer morning; if a girl is nearby, the spell will be broken and he will marry her; the princess goes in search, wearing iron shoes; she comes to the mother of the Sun, who hides her from her son; he does not know where the king's castle is, sends him to his sisters the Stars; they do not know, perhaps their brother Wind (Aire) does; his mother hides the princess; the Wind tells him that there are two lions at the gate of the castle, and that he must throw them the food he has chewed; he regurgitates the food, his mother hides it in two bags, gives it to the princess in the morning; the princess throws the food to the lions, enters the palace, everything is motionless; the princess sits by the bed of the sleeping man for months; a black woman offers to buy it, appears at the bedside on the night of Midsummer's Day, the king takes her as his wife; the palace comes to life; the king leaves to buy gifts; the princess asks to buy her a hard stone and a bitter stick (poems), she does not want to live; the king hears the princess in her room asking for the stone and it answers, telling her story; the king takes her as his wife, executes the black woman]: Camarena, Chevalier 1995, No. 425G: 259-265 (translated in Malinovskaya 2002: 110-116).

Tibet – Northeast India. Tibetans (Amdo) [a grandson takes care of his grandfather; takes him out to warm himself in the sun, he loses consciousness, the grandson goes to the Sun mother to find out why her son killed his grandfather; a shepherd asks to know what to do when the sheep's wool becomes so long that they can no longer walk; a young man meets a ram, it carries him to the Sun's house; the Sun mother feeds the young man, the Sun orders the shepherd to shear the sheep twice a year; the grandfather must be sprinkled with cold water, he will come to his senses; the shepherd is happy, the grandfather comes to his senses, he lives on with his grandson]: Tshe dbang rdo rje et al. 2007: 214-215; (cf. Meitei [in total, the mother of the sun gave birth to 5 sons, but two soon died, and the third later fell into a trap {and also died}; the Sun and his older brother Taohuireng remained; when one set, the other rose; people had no time to rest; the lazy slave Khwai Nongchengpam Yekma Haotangla (KHN) was furious that he could not caress the children and see his wife; he asked his wife to bring bamboo from her father; he did not give it, but his father's brother did; KHN made a bow and arrow from this bamboo, smearing them with poison; first he hit the jug on his wife's head, then her ear pendant, then a sparrow in the field; making sure that he was spot on; he told his wife that a wild boar and a boa constrictor had gotten into the field, but he himself waited for the Sun to set, and T. appeared in the east and hit it with an arrow; the Sun got scared and disappeared; one woman accidentally noticed glow under the earth; 10 kings sent a woman to persuade the Sun to return, she did not persuade him; the second persuaded him; the Sun came out pale, his face was washed, people are happy]: Singh 1985: 174-176).

China – Korea. Ancient China [ Xihe – mother of suns; Chang’e (or another female character?) – mother of the moon]: Yanshin 1977: 202-203, 206; Chinese (Shanxi, Wenxi county) [10 suns appeared in the sky; Dalang ran to his younger brother Erlang and reported that their mother had died of the heat; he made an iron yoke, hung 10 mountains on it and chased the suns, crushing them one by one with the mountains; in order to save her last son, the mother of the sun turned into an old woman and began to splash urine from a chamber pot; after this, E.’s yoke broke; the last sun hid in the eastern sea, and darkness reigned on the earth; a rooster, sitting on a sunflower, began to crow: Everything is fine, come out! Since then, the sun comes out of the sea at the crow of a rooster, and the sunflower turns its head to follow the sun]: Zhou Yang et al. 1999, no. 16a: 28; Chinese (place of recording not specified) [Prince Lan Dan throws a golden ball, whoever finds it will become a son-in-law; a shepherd finds it, the prince demands that they bring three hairs of the Sun; the shepherd goes, meets people who ask him to find out why 1) the fruits of the tree can no longer resurrect the dead; 2) the living water in the well has dried up; 3) no one has come to replace the boatman-carrier for 60 years; the mother of the Sun hides the young man in a chest; three times she pulls out a hair from her sleeping son; each time she says what she dreamed, asks for an answer; the Sun explains that a snake has settled under the tree, a frog in the well, whoever takes the old man's oars will replace him; the young man tells all this on the way back (having told the old man, he runs away so that he will not give him the oars); the young man was given a gift, the prince gave him his daughter; he himself went to the Sun, received the oars, and remained a boatman]: Tishkov 1954: 32-35.

The Balkans. Ancient Greece ["Stesichorus describes the sun setting in a golden cup, on which he floats in the darkness of the night across the ocean to his beloved mother, wife and children"]: Ananikian 1925: 49; Croats [a woman was walking home when labor began, gave birth under a bridge; three Royenitzes {Mothers in labor?} approached; one offered to take the baby's life immediately, the second to kill him when he grew up, the third to kill him unless he married the daughter of the king of the Vilas; a blacksmith told the youth to go to the mother of the moon, gave him three pairs of iron shoes; having worn out the first pair, the youth came to the mother of the moon, she hid him, but the moon did not harm him and directed him to the sun; on the way the youth wore out the second pair of shoes; came to the mother of the sun (man); the sun directed him to the mare-wind (third pair); the youth managed to stay on the mare's back, she brought a pitchfork to the castle; after the feast the youth hides three times with the mare (in the tail, under the hoof), in the morning he tells the king that he fell asleep somewhere while drunk; the third time the youth brought two eggs, the mare held them in her mouth, cockerels hatched from them, they crowed in the morning, the demons who were looking for the youth disappeared; the mare orders the king's daughter to be seized, they gallop away; the king pursues, the burden throws chips (forest), a ridge (mountains), a glass of water (reservoir); the king overcomes the obstacles with difficulty; however, the mare goes through the steps (not entirely clear), but the king cannot; he throws his daughter a belt that fulfills wishes; wedding]: Wratislaw 1890, No. 53: 278-283; Hungarians [a childless queen agrees to give birth to at least a snake; and she gives birth; the snake grew up, orders to marry him to the princess; at night he is a handsome man, during the day - a snake; the witch advises to burn the skin; the husband disappears, leaving a hazel twig; when it turns green and bears fruit, then go look for him; the wife will not be relieved of her burden until her husband embraces her again; the wife comes to the old woman, she sends her to the middle sister, the middle one to the eldest; their sons are the Moon, the Sun, the Wind; each gives a golden spindle, a skein, a ball; the Wind carries them to the castle; for three items the wife buys three nights with her husband from the local queen; she twice sprinkles sleeping pills into the wine, but the third time the servant did not sprinkle any; the wife immediately gives birth to twins; the local queen was torn apart by horses]: Ortutai 1974, No. 2: 72-92; Serbs[in order not to give his daughter to the Tatar king, King Petar says that she has died, and he himself goes to the Sun king to find out why the days are shorter in winter; in reality, he hides with his daughter in a tower; three years later he comes out, but his daughter has disappeared; the man sentenced to death promises to find her in exchange for a pardon; five snakes come to the mother, call her mother; one is a thief, the second has a sense of smell, the third is a builder, the fourth is a shooter, the fifth is a catcher (can even catch lightning); the brothers swear to help a man; they find and take the princess from the seven-headed snake (one builds a tower, the snake destroys it, carries off the girl, the shooter shoots him down, the catcher catches the girl); everyone wants the princess for himself; the Mother of the Winds sends them to settle the matter with the Mother of the Moon, then with the Mother of the Sun, then with their own; she tells them to consider the girl their sister; 5 brothers, a man and a girl turn into the Pleiades, annually go around the mothers of the Winds, the Moon, the Sun, thank them for their advice; from the spring Yuryev day to Vidovdan (June 28) they are on the way, not visible]: Golenishchev-Kutuzov 1991: 212-218 (= Arkhipova 1962: 203-208); Serbs [a wolf with an iron head wants to eat the shepherd Peter; he persuaded him to wait until he got married; the wolf agreed; he showed up at the wedding; seeing the wolf, P. ran and ran all day; he asked the mother of the sun to hide him; she left him for the night and made a towel: if you wave it, the waters will part, and then close again; he crossed the river on dry land, closed the waters behind him, went on; but the wolf eventually swam across the river; P. ran to the house of the mother of the month; in the morning she gave him inexhaustible bread; the wolf catches up again; P. waved his towel - a path opened up in the thicket; waved again - the trees trapped the wolf; he began to gnaw them; P. lay down, and when he woke up, a lion, a bear and a lynx were nearby; he fed them bread; took them with him; again he made a path in the forest and closed it behind him; P. came to the mother of the wolves and she asked him to be her shepherd; she coaxed a handkerchief from P., went into the thicket and freed her son, who was trapped by the trees; but now Peter is guarded by his animals; when the wolf hid in a hole, and his mother covered it with branches, the animals lay down right in this place and the wolf could not rush at P.; then the wolf asked his mother to persuade Peter to leave the animals at home; the wolf rushed at P., he climbed a tree; the wolf gnaws him; P. throws him his shoes and cries three times; first he hears a lynx, then a bear, and finally a lion; the door is locked, but they crawl under the wall; they tear the wolf to pieces; then P. sets the beasts on the wolf's mother, and they tear her to pieces too; having taken the gold and the rams, P. returns home]: Eschker 1992, No. 18: 100-106; Serbs[the queen asks God for a son - even a snake; after 22 years the snake asks him to marry her - to any girl; the parents suggested that he choose himself; he pointed to the poor girl; the wife is soon pregnant; the mother-in-law persuaded her to confess: at night the snake becomes handsome; the mother-in-law advised her to take the skin at night and give it to her through the window; she burned the skin; the husband: you will see me when you wear out iron shoes and an iron staff; and you will be able to give birth when I forgive you; the wife has been pregnant for three years; she went in search; she came to the mother of the Sun girl; she hid her; the Sun senses the human spirit; the Sun sent to the Moon; the mother of the Sun gave a golden spinning wheel; the same; the Moon sent to the Wind; the mother of the Moon gave a golden hen with chicks; Wind: your husband is a king in another kingdom, he is married; [the Wind's mother gave him a golden loom; Wind: spread your gifts there in front of the palace; gives them to the queen in turn for three nights with her husband; she gives her husband a sleeping potion to drink; on the third night the servant told the king, who quietly poured out the potion; the wife gave birth to a boy with golden hands and hair; all three of them returned to their own country]: Karadzic 1854, no. 10: 81-89 (=Eschker 1992, no. 4: 34-40); Romanians [when leaving, the emperor tells his three daughters not to unlock one room; the eldest insists on unlocking it; there is a table and a book in it, in which it is written that the eldest sister will marry the emperor of the east, the middle one - the emperor of the west, and the youngest - a boar; the father returns, the royal matchmakers come to the eldest daughters, the boar comes for the youngest; she obeys her father; On the way, the boar rolls in the mud and tells his bride to kiss him; at home in the evening, he turns into a young man; the wife is pregnant; she asks the old woman for help; she gives him a rope to tie her husband's leg at night; the rope breaks, the husband jumps up, says that if it were not for his wife, the spell would end in three days; she will see him after wearing out three pairs of iron sandals and three iron staffs; comes to the mother of the Moon (woman), who sends him to the mother of the Sun (man); the Sun advises to ask the Wind; the mother of the Wind: your husband is in a forest house that looks like a pile of fallen trees; the wife comes there and makes a ladder out of bones to climb up; one is missing, she cuts off her finger and it turns into the last crossbar; the husband flies in as a dove, is frightened, then recognizes his wife, with her child; explains that his father, the emperor, fought with dragons and killed the dragon cub; the mother of that one turned the emperor's son into a boar in order to prevent the predestined marriage]: Kúnos 1901: 222-243; Macedonians[an orphan goes to seek his fortune; he hires himself out to reap grain, receives part of a field as a reward, this part is immediately destroyed by hail; then he hires himself out to a shepherd, receives a cow with a calf; the cow was torn to pieces by wolves, and the calf was killed {?}; in the city he got married, the Sun saw his wife and carried her off; the orphan went to look for the Sun, came to an old woman, who said that she was the mother of the Sun; the Sun comes, the orphan asks to give him his horse; the Sun gives it, tells him to eat himself and feed the horse first at St. Peter's, then at St. Elijah's, not to burn down the flower garden; the orphan beat them both, burned the flower garden; explained to the Sun that because of Peter his cow died, and because of Elijah - the field; he burned the flower garden because the Sun took his wife; the Sun returned her]: Tsenev 2004: 33-35; Bulgarians [childless elderly spouses find and raise a snake (smoke, pumpkin) as a son, or a childless woman asks for a child, gives birth to a snake (smoke, puppy, pumpkin); the son grows up, demands a princess as a wife, carries out difficult tasks of the king (build a palace, road, bridge, church overnight); at night the groom appears to the bride in the guise of a handsome man; the bride burns the skin of an animal or reveals the secret of the groom; the magical spouse disappears; the (pregnant) wife goes to look for him, putting on iron shoes ; along the way, three old women (mothers of the Sun, Moon, Wind) give advice and gifts (a golden apple, a hen with chicks, a self-spun distaff); in exchange for them she receives the right to spend one night with her husband; he recognizes her, the marriage is restored]: Daskalova-Perkovska et al. 1994, No. 425A: 145-146; Albanians [a childless old woman finds a baby snake, raises it as a son; it orders a match for the king's daughter; the old woman is thrown down the stairs twice, the Serpent heals her with a magic ring; the third time the king demands that a palace be built overnight, the road be paved with velvet, and that he appear with his retinue; the Serpent gets a wife, sheds his snake skin at night, says that his name is Shpeit, forbids anyone to talk about his transformation; the wife tells her mother, Sh. disappears; the wife goes to look for him, putting on iron shoes, comes to the mother of the Sun, who first hides her from her son, the Sun promises not to eat the newcomer, sends her to the Moon, she - to the Wind, who tells that Sh. was kidnapped by a monster, carries him overseas; there the monster brings Sh.'s wife to his palace; Sh. throws a ring into a jug, the wife finds out that her husband is nearby; the monster demands from Sh.'s wife that 1) the house be swept in some places and not in others, 2) two cauldrons be filled with tears (Sh. advises filling them with salt water); Sh. pretends to be a woodcutter and a carpenter, tells the monster that he is making a coffin for the deceased Sh., asks to try it on, nails it in, burns it; Sh. and his wife return to people forever]: Serkova 1989: 21-31; Gagauz [a master has three daughters, he is looking for someone who can graze his horses; the eldest daughter is walking, the father turned into a bear, went out to meet her, the girl ran home; the same with the middle one; the youngest goes to an old woman for advice; she tells her to give the horses hot coals, to take the one who will eat them; a skinny mare began to eat, the girl sat on her, was going to shoot the bear; her father blessed her to graze horses for three years; the Sun fell in love with her, but does not understand whether she is a girl or a man; the mother of the Sun advises her to watch how she urinates and what things she buys at the market; the girl urinates like a man, at the market she takes only things for men; after three years she shows the Sun her breasts and braid; the mother of the Sun advises to put up a golden swing; the girl sat on it, the Sun lifted her up; the palm advised the girl to keep silent for seven years; then the Sun took another bride; she tells the first to bring a sieve from Mother Resurrection; Sunday sends to Friday, she sends to Wednesday, Wednesday says that the sieve has been taken by the khobur; the khobur orders to play the violin, goes for the sieve, but in reality - to sharpen his teeth; the mouse volunteered to jump on the strings, to run; the khobur killed the mouse, chases after it; the girl threw down the canvas (the river; the khobur put one lip to the ground, the other to the sky, drank the water), the brush (the forest), the stone (a rocky place, the khobur cannot cross); the girl brought the sieve; the second bride: you, mute, bring her a pot; the girl: may your tongue be taken away; the Sun slaughtered a ram, heard, rushed to the girl, his hands are covered in blood; the girl became a swallow, the second bride a goat, both left through the chimney, the Sun has not married yet]: Moshkov 1904, No. 30: 42-44; Greeks [the princess rejects the suitors; makes, revives a young man from sugar, almonds, semolina; his name is Master Semolina; another princess sends a ship, orders servants to seize S., they bring him to her; S.'s wife successively comes to the mothers of the Moon, the Sun, the Stars; the master of the Star knows where S. is; the princess hires herself out to herd geese; the Moon gave an almond, in it a golden spinning wheel, the Sun - a chestnut (in it a golden hen with chicks), the Stars - a nut (in it a golden clove tree); each time S.'s wife buys one night with S. from the princess, but she puts him to sleep with a drink; the beggar woman orders not to sleep on the last night, the spouses run away; the princess herself makes a spouse from almonds, etc., but the products only rot]: Megas 1970, No. 27: 60-65.

Central Europe. Ukrainians (Carpathians) [the king gets lost, spends the night in a coal miner's attic, the miner's wife is giving birth; hears angels predict that the boy will marry the king's daughter, who was born that same hour; the coal miner's wife died in childbirth, the husband gave the baby to the king, who threw it into the river, a fisherman fished it out, named it Plavunchik; the king found out about this; the king gives P. a letter with an order to kill the bearer, orders it to be taken to the queen; along the way, the mother of the Sun replaces the letter with an order to marry P. to their daughter; the king orders his son-in-law to bring three golden hairs from his grandfather, All-Knowing; along the way 1) people ask to find out why there is no water in the well, 2) the ferryman - how long will he be a ferryman, 3) people - why the apple tree does not bear fruit; the mother of the Sun hides P., her fiery son enters; she plucks out three hairs from him, asking questions; the frog that blocked the water must be removed, the ferryman must put another in his place, remove the stone from the root of the apple tree; the owners of the apple tree and the well give gold and silver, the ferryman P. tells him to bring lime after he has transported him; the king also goes to Grandfather Vseved in the hope of getting rich; the ferryman throws him an oar, keeps it for himself]: Skazki Verkhovyna 1970: 272-277; Ukrainians(Kharkiv, Lebedinsky District, ca. 1878) [Parents with their son come to plow a field, an eagle carries the boy away to its nest. Three brothers living in the forest find the child, name him Trem-son-Boris. The boy grows up, asks for a small horse and sets off on a journey. In the forest he finds a shiny feather of the firebird, the horse asks to leave it, but the boy takes it. In a foreign kingdom he is hired as a groom by the tsar, he is put to watch over the common horses, he combs them with a feather and the horses are put in the tsar's carriage. The grooms question him and spy on him, report to the tsar that TB boasts that he can catch the firebird, the tsar orders this to be done. The horse asks to dig a hole, pour vodka and peas into it, the bird flies in, drinks and eats, lies down, turns over with its feet up - it is caught and brought to the tsar. He rewards Boris. The grooms tell the tsar that TB boasts that he can catch a beautiful maiden in the sea, the tsar orders to do this. The horse asks for nets, mirrors and dresses. Nastasya comes out of the sea, tries on all the outfits, she is caught in the nets and brought to the tsar. She demands that 12 necklaces, which she tore and threw into the sea, be brought for her. Beef is laid out by the sea, crayfish crawl up, the boy takes a white crayfish and demands that the whole necklace be brought to him, after which he promises to release the crayfish. The crayfish find the pike in which the necklace was kept, the white crayfish is released. The princess asks why the sun is red in the morning when it rises, and then white. Boris rides a horse towards the sun, the garden watchmen ask him to find out why the garden used to feed the whole world, but now it cannot feed the watchmen; soldiers: how long should they stand chained; a husband and wife on an oak tree: how long will they have to catch pigeons; a tavern owner: how long will she have to pour water from one well to another; a whale fish: how long will people travel on it. TB goes into the hut of the old mother of the sun and asks questions. She hides him, and in the morning she retells his questions to the Sun, each time as if she were telling him her dream. Sun: the garden will bear fruit when the robbers' money is dug up in it; the soldiers will be freed when this money is given to the poor; people will catch pigeons while the sun shines, because in their youth they killed their children; the woman will pour water while the sun shines - in her youth she sometimes over-poured, sometimes under-poured; the whale fish will be freed when she spits out the swallowed ship. The sun was red - embarrassed when his girl came out of the sea, now she is gone - the sun is white, rises and sets late. Boris returns, passes on answers along the way. The Tsar gives him half the kingdom, treats him like a brother]: Chubinsky 1878, No. 76: 285-290; Eastern(?) Ukrainians(west in Kyiv) [healers tell a childless queen to catch and cook a pike, eat its head; a year later the queen gave birth to a snake; it immediately began to talk; it told the king to leave it in a stone house and marry it off in a month; in a month the snake became big; not a single girl agrees to marry the snake; the woman has 12 daughters, the youngest is not married; having learned that the youngest dreams of getting married, the king summons her and she agrees, but orders to give her 12 dresses, shirts, shoes; she is brought to the snake; it demands to take off her dress, she - her skin; when the girl was left in her last shirt, the snake took off his last skin and became a man; she threw the snake skins into the fire; the snake orders not to tell her parents that he became a man; she told, her husband disappeared; she went to look for him; the mother of the Wind hides her from her son, he senses the spirit, but orders to give the girl a silver apple; she came to the mother of the Moon; the same (the Moon commands to give a golden apple); the mother of the Sun (apparently the sun is a man; the same, gives a diamond apple; her husband already has another wife; you have to take the form of an old woman, put a silver apple on a handkerchief and play with it; the girl sells it to the new wife for a night with her husband, but she puts him to sleep; the same on the second day (golden apple); on the third night the husband only pretended to be asleep; the new wife was torn to pieces by horses]: Rudchenko 1859, No. 43: 81-85.

Caucasus - Asia Minor. Abkhazians [a hunter picks flowers behind a fence, brings them to his sister; they satisfy her; in his absence, the sister is taken away by the owner of the flowers, the dragon Agulshap; he falls asleep, she asks God to save her, finds herself in a room; a young man rises from the coffin, lies down in the coffin again during the day; when he died, God was able to resurrect him for the sake of his father, the king, only at night; a husband sends his wife to give birth to his father; a son is born, bites his mother's nipple, forcing her to say who comes to her at night; the young man sends beyond the edge of the world; a husband and wife lie on an axe handle, others push each other on a wide skin; a skinny bull among the best fodder, a fat one without fodder; a deer suffers - one horn rests on the ground, the other in the sky; the young man climbs up the horn to the sky; the mother of the Sun and the Moon hides the young man from them, gives the water with which they washed themselves, with it he will resurrect his father; the deer killed animals, promises not to do so, is released, carries the young man; the fat bull did not complain about work during his life, the skinny one was dissatisfied; the axe handle is not cramped for the friendly spouses during their life, the skin is cramped for the quarrelsome ones; the young man dresses up as a shepherd, resurrects his father; a general feast]: Bgazhba 2002: 121-128; Ingush[the king sees a poor man and promises to give him whatever he wants; the poor man asks to fill his tobacco pouch with money; the king's men bring a handful, then a hat and a cartload of coins, but they cannot fill the pouch; eventually all the king's property fits into it; the king and his men pounce on the poor man, he kills them and becomes king; the children of the murdered king grow up, the poor man gives them all the king's property; having settled separately, he sows wheat; it is destroyed by hail; the poor man hires himself out to work for a horseman, says: "I alone will harvest all your grain before sunset, for this you will give me part of your pens, but if I do not harvest the grain before sunset, then I will lose my pay"; does not manage to harvest one sheaf, refuses payment; is hired by a shepherd on the following condition: if after three years there is even a small loss in the herd, he will not receive a reward, but if there is a profit, he will receive part of the cattle; three years pass, the number of cattle increases; a wolf attacks the herd, carries off a kid; the poor man leaves the wolf alive, returns the kid and refuses a reward for his work; he walks along the road, dies; the wolf finds and buries the corpse; three doves fly to the grave, pray, the poor man is resurrected; a tower appears on the grave, the poor man lives in it with the doves, who have turned into beauties; the wives say: "Go to the mother of the Sun and ask her for a good sofa for us. The mother of the Sun lives next to the mother of the Moon. The doors of their huts are always locked. The mother of the Sun sits over the cradle of her child and feeds him with one breast, while the other breast is thrown over her shoulders. As soon as you enter the hut of the mother of the Sun, immediately rush to her breast and begin to suck it; if you manage to catch her breast and suck it, she will give you a couch"; the poor man follows the instructions, the mother of the Sun calls him the third son; her son, who moves the Sun, comes; having learned of the poor man's request, says to him: "Tomorrow you will go for me to move the Sun around the world, and I will stay at home and make you a couch. By noon the mother of Thunder will bring you dinner, and when you approach the sea, look there at our vineyard"; the next day the poor man begins to drag the Sun around the world; by noon the mother of Thunder brings him dinner; he remembers how she beat his plowed field with hail, and beats it; when he reaches the sea and finds himself near the vineyard, he remembers the loss of payment for harvesting grain; as a result, he holds the Sun an extra hour over the vineyard; in the evening he tells the mother of the Sun that the journey was successful; goes home with the couch; a man comes to him whose sheep he was tending; he asks to give him one of his wives; the wives turn into doves and fly away; the tower and other buildings disappear; a poor man gets hired by the king and enters into relations with his daughter; the king throws him into a pit; a neighboring strong king sends this king two identical roosters and orders him to find out which one is older; the poor man suggests: “You can find out about the seniority of roosters by age this way: pour red wheat for them and let the roosters go to it during a wind. The older rooster will stand with his head against the wind,and the younger one - by the tail"; the king follows the advice, carries out the task; a neighbor sends two identical stallions and orders to find out which of them is older; the poor man explains: "Give more salt in the feed of these stallions, then let them go to the watering hole, the younger one will run ahead to the water and greedily begin to drink, and the older one will walk more quietly and, approaching the water, overtake the younger stallion"; the king follows the advice, carries out the task; a neighbor delivers a message: "Find out which of your people is able to shoot an arrow from a bow from your aul to mine"; the poor man shoots an arrow at the neighboring aul; it hits the chain on which the cauldron hung in the royal saklya; a messenger arrives: "Our king invites you to come to our aul and take with you one dog and one rooster to compete with our dog and our rooster"; the poor man takes a falcon instead of a rooster, goes to the aul; On the way he meets a man who sees a chamois on a distant mountain, a man who hears a snake crawling behind seven mountains, a man who is trying to drink the sea, and a man who, with one leg tucked into his belt, runs on the other after a hare; he takes them with him; a neighboring king releases a rooster, the poor man's falcon pecks him to death; a neighboring king announces the beginning of a running competition, releases a witch on his side; she offers the one-legged man a drink from a jug, he falls asleep; a man with good hearing hears snoring, an archer shoots an arrow into a jug, the one-legged man wakes up from the clink of shards and overtakes the witch; the king locks the guests in a copper saklya; it begins to fill with water; the man who wanted to drink the sea drinks it; a strong king recognizes a neighboring king as his equal, a poor man marries the king’s daughter]: Sadulaev 2004, No. 122: 314-321;a one-legged man wakes up from the sound of shards and overtakes a witch; a king locks his guests in a copper saklya; it begins to fill with water; a man who wanted to drink the sea drinks it; a strong king recognizes a neighboring king as his equal, a poor man marries the king’s daughter]: Sadulaev 2004, No. 122: 314-321;a one-legged man wakes up from the sound of shards and overtakes a witch; a king locks his guests in a copper saklya; it begins to fill with water; a man who wanted to drink the sea drinks it; a strong king recognizes a neighboring king as his equal, a poor man marries the king’s daughter]: Sadulaev 2004, No. 122: 314-321;Georgians [a servant is sent to the mother of the Sun to find out why his mistress cannot give birth; on the way, the plowman asks why his cattle are having such a hard time pulling an iron plow; a sheep caught in thorns - how can she free herself; a shepherd - why his sheep run away; a wolf - why the shepherds catch up with him and beat him; a deer, propping up the sky with his horns (because of this he cannot move), tells him to ask to free him from such horns; allows him to climb up to the sky along his horns; so that the Sun does not destroy a man, the mother of the Sun turns him into a needle; answers her son that the human spirit comes from the earth; the Sun tells his mother about something unusual, explains that 1) the woman in labor must be placed on hay, tied with a rope made of goat wool, iron things must be placed nearby, the person who freed the frog from the mouth of the snake must be called, he must order the mother and child to separate; 2) a plowman must make a plow out of wood, leaving the incisor and rod iron; 3) people must shear sheep so that their long wool does not get tangled in thorns; 4) a shepherd must sprinkle the flock with the blood of a black sheep, the sheep will stop running away; 5) a wolf must kick, splashing the shepherd with mud, he will stop running so fast; 6) a deer must rub its antlers once every three years, they will fall off, new ones will grow; the mother of the Sun tells a man to first climb down the deer's antlers, and only then give the Deer advice; the man passes on the advice; the mud that got on the shepherd's legs became a kneecap, since then his legs bend less than before]: Stepanov 1893: 129-135; Armenians [the mother of the Sun is dawn or evening twilight; she is a magnificent woman in a golden robe with radiant eyes; sometimes she helps those whom her son has punished, and sometimes she curses people, turning them into stones; at the end of the day's journey the Sun comes to her and she bathes it]: Ananikian 1925: 49-50; Armenians(Erzurum) [a childless king saw a snake with her little ones and envied her; he had a son who was half dragon; he was kept in a dry well; at first he was fed goat's milk, then little girls, then young women; in one family, the stepmother persuaded her husband to give away his stepdaughter; at night she hears a voice. You must lower three skins of milk from a black goat into the well with her, a knife and wrap yourself in a bull's skin; when the dragon asks to come out of the bull's skin, you must ask him to come out of the dragon's skin and then bathe him in milk; when the girl cut her bull's skin, she fell awkwardly and broke her front tooth; a handsome young man came out of the dragon's skin; the king and queen are happy, they gave the girl in marriage to their son; the prince went off to war; the stepmother persuaded the queen to let her daughter-in-law stay at home; led to the sea and pushed into the water, replaced with her own daughter; and the stepdaughter grabbed the barrel and washed up on an unknown shore; came to the hut where the young man was; he said that he was the son of rich parents and loved to hunt; having caught nothing, he decided to knock the sun down from the sky; when he aimed, a fiery hand grabbed him by the hair and carried him to an unfamiliar land; a voice from heaven said that he would never see the light of the sun again; leaves the hut only at night, otherwise he will die a terrible death; she began to live as a married couple; when she became pregnant, the young man sent her to his parents, she gave birth to a son there; the young man began to come to him at night to sing lullabies; his parents decided that their daughter-in-law had a lover, they lay in wait and grabbed their son; with the first ray of the sun he lost consciousness, but remained alive; in a dream, his mother hears a voice; She must put on iron sandals, take an iron staff and walk to the west until the staff breaks and the sandals are holed; then she will find a way to revive her son; she has reached the edge of the world, there is a palace of blue marble; the sandals and staff have fallen apart; in the 12 courtyards myriads of stars are sleeping; a beautiful queen sits on a golden throne; she is the mother of the Sun; the woman's son has committed a terrible crime; but then she took pity; she ordered him to hide, for soon it will be evening and her son will return; he will plunge into a pond and then kiss his mother's breast, since he is an eternal baby; after this the woman must draw water from the pond; with this water she revived her son; at this time the woman's first husband returned and discovered the deception: he had inserted a gold tooth into his wife, but the false wife did not have one; he came to the house of the one who wanted to shoot the sun; they agreed to give the woman to the one from whose hands she would take a jug to quench her thirst; She gave the child to her second husband and went to the first one, to whom she was married]: Seklemian 1898: 73-83.

Baltoscandia. Eastern Saami (Notozero, Arkhangelsk province, Kola district) [A very poor man sets off to the sun. He wants to cross a deep river, a dried-up whale is thrown across it, they cross the river on it like on a bridge. The whale asks the man where he is going and asks him to ask the sun why it has dried up and cannot move. The man meets two women, they ask why they have been drawing water from an ice hole for three years and cannot scoop it out, he meets an old man and an old woman, why they have nothing to eat or drink for three years. A gray-haired old ferryman with a white beard asks why he has been ferrying people across the river for three years. The poor man crosses the river, finds himself in the forest, enters a hut, a girl with large breasts (bigger than hers) feeds him and gives him a stick that will lead him to the sun. He comes to a hut, a girl with a bare side (no clothes on her side) gives him a horse and a sleigh. In the next hut, an old woman with big breasts gives him a ball of yarn. He returns it to the girl with the bare side, now it “burns like heat”, she leads it to the sun, leaves it in a dark room. For a while the room becomes hot and light, then it gets dark and cold again. The girl comes with a man, tells that she is the mother of the sun, that’s why she is hot, tells that the women who helped him are her middle and youngest daughters. She explains that the old ferryman was punished for mooring the stern to the shore, the old man and the old woman stole a lot of money, the women diluted milk and sold wine with water, the whale swallowed many people, karbass and shnyaks (?), if he finds them, he will be able to swim away. The man tells the people why they were punished. The whale finds everyone he swallowed and swims away. The peasant returns to his parents, they bless him for marriage, he marries a poor girl, they open a shop and trade]: Kharuzin 1890: 463 (= Burtsev 1897, No. 22: 101-106); Lutsi(record from 1931 by a Catholic gypsy) [Danil Beschatny has been serving a rich man for three years; he agrees to give a "lisping rooster" as payment, and his wife says that God is above all; the owner gave 4 measures of buckwheat; it sprouted well, the poor man asked Mykola for a blessing, but he froze the shoots; DB bought a mare, asked Yegor not to harm her, but wolves ate the mare; he hired himself out to tie a hundred sheaves before sunset, and if he didn't tie them, he would receive a hundred rods; there were two sheaves left, DB asked the sun to wait, but it set and DB received rods for his work; the sister of the Sun came to him and began to live with him; now the house has everything; the master found out about his wife, sent DP to his late father for a letter; the wife gives him a ball of yarn and tells him to ask for a manager to go with her; the devils tore him to pieces, and the old master tells his son not to oppress people, so as not to suffer after death; the master sends a letter to the Sun; the wife gives a handkerchief so that her husband can be recognized by it; DB comes to Mikola, asks him for a stick, and beats him mercilessly for buckwheat; the same with Yegor - for a mare; the mother of the Sun, seeing the handkerchief, is kind, promises to pacify her angry son; having learned that her son-in-law has arrived, the Sun is benevolent, sends DB to paradise for half a day in his place while he writes a letter; DB smashed and broke everything in paradise; Mikola, Yegor and the Sun come to complain to the mother of the Sun; she explains that they got what they got for their deed; DB returned with a letter to the master: if you touch your son-in-law again, I will burn down your house]: Annom et al. 2018: 239-243; Setu (Lazareva village, 1901) [all that was left to a young man by his father was a foal; the young man hired himself out to tend horses, and in payment he was allowed to sow barley and beans; the barley was killed by frost, the beans were ruined by fog; he agreed to reap the rye on the condition that he would finish before sunset; there was only a little left, the Sun refused to slow down, the young man was not paid; the wolves asked what they should eat, an angel from heaven answered that it was the young man’s white-nosed foal; the young man smears the foal’s white nose black, the angel tells the wolves to eat the black-nosed one, then it doesn’t matter which nose, as long as it is the same foal; the wolves ate it; in the morning the young man sees the daughter of the Dawn, the daughter of the Moon, and the daughter of the Sun (king of the dawn, etc.) bathing in the river; he hides their clothes, does not give them to the daughter of the Sun, since her father refused to fulfill his request to slow down; (var.: the clothes of the "mother of the moon" are too big for the youth, those of the "mother of the star" are too small, those of the "mother of the sun" are just right); the youth became the son-in-law of the Sun, began to live with him; Frost and Fog came, he beat them with a club; the angel of the sun (var.: the servant of the sun, i.e., probably Mercury) went on a daily journey with the sun; he went the whole day without food, because the youth overturned the plates from which they ate (if a plate with food is standing, one can eat from it at the Sun, being far from it); the Sun called his son-in-law to account, but agreed that he had rightly punished those who had harmed him; the youth remained with the Sun]: Loorits 2005, 228-230.

Volga – Perm. Udmurts [ Vumumy – mother of water, Vozhumumy – mother of the summer and winter solstices, Muzyemumy – mother of the earth, Inmumy – mother of the sky, Shundymumy – mother of the Sun, Tolezmumy – mother of the Moon, Gudyrimumy – mother of Thunder]: 233; Gataullina 2008 [Shundy-mumy (Mother Sun) watches the sunrise and sunset, shows the way to the Sun; when the Sun rises, there is a crackling sound, like firewood in a stove; a strong horse hears it]: Vladykin 1993: 51.

Turkestan. Dungan [{there is no data on the Moon's gender, but it is probably female, like the Chinese}; a grandfather fainted in the blazing sun, his grandson Ismar goes to the mother of the Sun to find out why her son, the Sun, did what he did; people he meets ask 1) whether it is possible to plow differently than with a wooden plough, 2) what to do with the long wool of rams; the ram carries I. to a mountain by the sea; having hidden I., the mother of the Sun questions her son; he promises to take his sister-Cloud with him, advises to put an iron ploughshare on the plough, to shear the sheep twice a year; I. ​​returns, teaches people]: Riftin et al. 1977, No. 23: 154-157.

Southern Siberia. Khakass [fishermen caught a barrel, an old man asks for it for himself, finds a boy in it; the king takes it; the sun and the moon disappear, the king orders them to be brought; a foal comes running, orders the youth to go to a hut by the lake; there is an old woman (the mother of the sun) - one ear under her head, the other covered; she orders to spread out a red cloth (the foal warned to take it with him), geese with golden feathers will sit on it, you need to pull one out, make a ring; upon returning, the youth throws the ring on the ground, the sun and the moon return; the king orders to bring a beauty; the foal takes the youth to the same old woman (the same thing, at home a girl appears from the ring); the beauty orders to bring her golden comb; the stallion orders to take white and blue threads with him; having tied them around himself, the youth climbs a larch tree to the sky; a white goose flies into the nest, says that if they took his daughter, they would also take the comb; lets them pluck his feather, promises good luck; at home a comb appears from the ring-feather; the beauty orders to bring living and dead water; the water is guarded by 40 wolves; the stallion brings frost, then heat, the wolves fall asleep, he orders to take one bottle each; the beauty pours living water on the young man, dead water on the king; he dies; wedding]: Koptelov 1956: 155-160 (=Balter 1986: 41-45, =Taksami 1988: 210-214).

Eastern Siberia. Dolgans [the sun, moon and stars disappeared just when the tsar hid his grown daughter in a gilded city under nine tiers of permafrost; promises her as a wife and half the wealth to the one who returns the sun; the son of a beggarly old woman of Pashenny went to the wind; at midnight he sees the sun come out of a hole in the ground and immediately return there; promises the tsar to return the sun; goes down into the hole, the tsar's daughter is there; she gives two balls: if you attach them to your feet, they will lift you up to the sky; tells you to spend the night with the inhabitants of the sky along the way; he sees an old woman with an overgrown belly lying on the other side of the copper city; she asks him to ask the mother of the sun how to get rid of her illness; this is one of the younger sisters of the mother of the sun; then the guy arrived at the silver shining city-house; there a sick woman-maiden also asks the mother of the sun to find out if she will become a person; {what exactly happened to her is not described}; Now the guy has arrived at the golden city-house; there is a girl-woman with a star on her forehead, sewing; she asks to know why her children always die "as soon as the time of playfulness comes"; the guy has come to the mother of the sun; she says that she has grown old, and has given the month, "the arc of the sun" and "the reins of the stars" to her daughter; the first time the sun-daughter looked in, smelled the bad smell of a man and left again; the next time she explained that she was angry with the king of the middle world, whose daughter decided to equal her; the sun-mother asks what to do for the one with a huge belly; the sun-daughter: to swallow three more nimble people; what to do for the middle, sick sister; let her point the sick part of her body towards the sun-mother; let the youngest sister not conceive children on unfavorable days and hours; finally, the sun illuminated the world; the guy passed on advice to the three sisters of the sun; The one with the big belly was guilty of the fact that when the sailors addressed her "the deity looking down from the copper edge of the sky, save us!", she did not save them; {and now she has saved them; it is not entirely clear}; her belly disappeared; the guy came to the king, but now he demands that he find his daughter's ring lost in the sea; she explains that the master of the sea stole the ring; she gave the diving bag to dive through 9 sea channels; the cook-girl dressed the guy up as the master of the sea, who himself was sleeping; disguised as the master, he went around everything, found the box with the ring, rose to the ground, received the king's daughter]: Popov 1937: 113-127.

Subarctic. Upper Tanana [two girls follow butterflies, find themselves in the sky; the old woman Chickadee tells them to take the narrow path, not the wide one; at a fork in the road the sisters argue, the older one makes them take the wide path; they see a platform, with cut dog carcasses barking on it; the "Devil" is nearby, an old woman lives opposite; at night she whispers to the younger one that the Devil will kill the older one; there is a red-hot iron penis in the fireplace, the Devil inserts it into the older one's vagina, she dies, the Devil covers her with a blanket; pretends that she is sleeping; the younger one asks to relieve herself, the Devil offers her his palm and his head for that, but the girl replies that she does not want to dirty her father; the Devil ties a rope to her; the old woman secretly gives her elk fat and a stone scraper; the girl ties the rope to a stump, tells him to answer for himself; The devil drags a stump by a rope, sets off in pursuit, the girl orders the fat to become a lake; then the scraper is a mountain; the devil goes around the lake, drills a hole through the mountain with an iron penis; by the river the girl promises the Fox to paint her with ocher, she carries her across on her tail {it is not clear whether she stretched her tail like a bridge or the girl sits on the Fox facing east}, since then foxes are red; the same by the second river, the girl paints the Fox with coal, since then {black-brown} foxes are black; the devil enters the water, but returns; the girl comes to the mother of the Sun; she hides her in a box with threads and needles; answers the devil that no one was there; the devil is going to stick a red-hot iron penis up her ass, but she melts the Devil by looking at him; the girl orders that the devil's blood become cranberries on high bushes {in Alaska, cranberries are not our cranberries, but similar in taste and appearance red berries on high bushes}, the waist - cranberries on low bushes, the penis - mushrooms among cranberries, testicles - berries of salmonberry (Rubus spectabilis, excellent raspberry), bones - dog rose hips (Rosa canina) and bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi), the brain - silver oleaster; since then berries have existed; two sons of the Sun woman came, took the girl as a wife; she misses relatives on earth; the Sun mother orders to move the stones near the hearth; the girl sees her mother and relatives below on the ground; the Sun mother says that if wet snow starts to fall, you need to expose your rear to it and say "The dog took .." (the informant does not remember the meaning); lowers the girl on a web; mother of the Sun - she is Spider; (further it is not entirely clear: Wolverine either raped the girl, or tries to do so; Grass Tussock People hide her); she comes to her mother; wet snow began, she said, "Dog take it away..", it became sunny]: Kari 1996: 23-33.

Plains. Gros Ventre [The Sun and the Moon are brothers; the Sun prefers Frogs, because they do not squint when looking at him; the Moon prefers girls; having become a porcupine, he lures one of the two sisters into a tree, from there into the sky; the mother of the Sun and the Moon wants to know which daughter-in-law crunches and smacks harder while chewing meat; the wife of the Moon wins, having good teeth; the Frog tries to gnaw coals, black saliva flows, the Frog wets itself; the offended Sun throws it in the face of the Moon, it sticks to him; the Sun takes the wife of the Moon and the son born to her; a woman with a child descends from the sky on a rope; the rope is short, the Sun throws a stone at his wife; the woman falls, breaks herself, her son survives; he destroys the old woman's garden; she catches the boy, he lives with her; he kills women who turn into snakes; one crawls into his anus, kills him; Moon sends cold rain, driving out the snake; the boy and his mother are revived]: Kroeber 1907b, no. 21: 90-94; Hidatsa [The Sun and the Moon are brothers; the Moon likes frogs, the Sun likes Hidatsa girls; two sisters ask the third to climb a tree after a porcupine; she goes to the sky, goes beyond the Sun; the mother of the Sun and the Moon wants to know which of the two daughters-in-law makes the loudest crunching sound while chewing meat; the girl wins, Frog tries to chew the bark on the logs; the Moon throws Frog out of the tipi three times; on the fourth time she jumps on his back, remains there; the woman bears a son to the Sun; in defiance of the prohibition, she digs up a rhizome, making a hole through which the earth is visible; the son asks the Sun for sinews; The spider makes a rope of them; it is short, the mother and son only get down to the top of the tree; the Sun throws a stone at them, telling him to kill his wife, spare his son; the boy destroys the old woman's garden; she leaves an arrow and a stick for playing ball; the arrow disappears, the old woman realizes that it is a boy, not a girl; catches the boy, he lives in her house; she leaves corn for two Otters; he kills them; they are her husbands, she mourns their deaths; the youth kills monsters; a snake crawls into his head; the Sun drives it out with his heat; the youth makes the snakes less dangerous; he becomes the Morning Star]: Lowie 1918: 52-57.