B3B. Grown earth.

.11.12.19.-.53.55.-.57.59.61.62.65.-.68.72.73.

Originally the earth or the world as a whole was small in size, then it grows; fertile soil grows from a small amount of the original substance. See motif B3A (the earth grows from a piece of solid substance thrown onto the surface of the water).

Songhe, Fang, Yoruba, Manus, Gazelle Peninsula, New Britain, Medjprat, Samap (NE New Guinea), Kanaka, Yap, Palau, Ngulu, Ulithi, Fayu, Lamotrek, Ponape, Kapingamarangi, Marshall Islands, Bellona, ​​Rennel, Tikopia, Nukuria, Tonga, Samoa, Tibetans, Garo, Kachari, Sherdukpen, Gallong, Mikir, Apatani, Mishmi, Nokte, Rengma, Kachin, Ahom, Shans, Karens, Black Thais of Laos, Khmers, Rigveda, Hinduism, Barela-Bhilala, Nepal, Warli, Cheros, Birkhor, Munda, Santals, Bhuiya, Baiga, Bhumiya, Bondo, Sora, koya, Gonds, Oraons, Kondas, Agarias, Marias, Telugu (Yanadi), Sinhalese, Semangs, Nias, Bataks (Toba, Dairi), Ibans, Kayans, Dayaks of Southeast Borneo, Minahasa, Tetum, Timor (group not specified), Tiruray, Manuwu, Mansaka, Mangyan, Bilaan, Negrito of Luzon (Ragay), Ancient China, Poles, Bulgarians, Romanians, Hungarians, Transylvanian Saxons, Slovenes, Gagauz, Russian written tradition Russians (Karelian Pomerania, Olonetsk, Vologda, Novgorod, Pskov, Yaroslavl, Vladimir, Kostroma, Kaluga, Ryazan, Smolensk, Vyatka, Kazan, Oryol, Tambov, Penza, Saratov), ​​Ukrainians (Hutsul region, Galicia, Chernihiv, Podolia, Kherson, Poltava), Belarusians, Karachais, Ingush, Nogais, Terek Cossacks, Gilgit (Shina, Burishi), Avesta, Sami, Finns, Karelians, Livs, Latvians, Lithuanians, Komi-Zyrians, Komi-Permyaks, Udmurts, Mari, Mordovians (Erzya, Moksha), Chuvash, Kazan Tatars, Bashkirs, Karakalpaks, Yellow Uighurs, Chulym Turks, Altaians, Chelkans, Shors, Khakassians (Kachins), Pribayl Buryats (Balagansky, Alarsky, Idinsky, Verkholensky), Mongols (Khalkha, Inner Mongolia), Mongors, Nenets (forest, Yamal, Nadym, Yenisei), Northern and Southern Mansi, Eastern Khanty, Nganasan, Enets, Southern and Northern Selkup, Ket, all Yakuts, Sym Evenks, North-West Evenks, Western Evenks, Evenks of the Nerchi-Chita area, Far Eastern Evenks, Evens, Kamchatka Evens, Nanai, Ulchi, Negidal, Udege, Nivkh, Manchu, Orochi, Ryukyu (Miyako Islands), Kojiki, Ainu, Forest Yukaghir, Markovo, Chukchi, St. Lawrence Island, Central Yupik, Nunivak, Kodiak, Inupiat (of Northern Alaska?), Koyukon, Upper Kuskokwim, Kuchin, Upper Tanana, Southern Tutchoni, Tagish, Inland Tlingit, Kaska, Beaver, Hea, Slevi, Dogrib, Chipewyan, Yellowknife, Eyak, Tlingit, Haida (Massett, Skydegate), Bellacula, Kwakiutl, Quarry, Thompson (Nicola Valley), Shuswap, Puget Sound, Upper Chehalis, Okanagon, Tututni, Coos, Molala, Modoc, Menominee, Western Swamp Cree (northern Manitoba), Eastern Swamp Cree, Eastern Cree, Northern Ojibwa (Sandy Lake), Northern Saulteaux, Western and Eastern Ojibwa, Ottawa, Algonquin Proper(?), Sauk, Fox, Kickapoo, Potauatomi, Plains Cree, Plains Ojibwa, Montagnais, Naskapi, Huron, Oneida, Seneca, Mohawk, Onondaga, Tuscarora, Laurentian Iroquois, Delaware, Sarsee, Blackfoot, Assiniboine, Gros Ventre, Arapaho, Crow, Santee (Wahpeton), Teton (Brule), Dakota (Sioux, group not specified), Mandan, Hidatsa, Iowa, Cheyenne, Quapaw, Arikara, Skidee Pawnee, Shawnee, Yuchi, Cherokee, Chitimacha, Tuskegee, Alabama, Koasati,Choctaw, Wiyot, Yuki, Pomo, Wintu, Patwin, Achomawi, Atsugewi, Maidu, Mountain Miwok, Coast Miwok, Chukchansi Yokuts, Yokuts, Salinan, Monache, Tubatulabal, Kawaiisu, Luiseño, Northern Paiute, Northern Paiute (Owens Valley), Mono (Owens Valley), Bannock, Eastern Shoshone, Chemehuevi, Southern Paiute (Moapa), Southern Ute, Walapai, Yuma, Seri, Mohave, Maricopa, Cocopah, Zuñi, Navajo, Western Apache, Hopi, Western Keres (Laguna, Acoma), Mohave, Yuma, Pima, Walapai, Warihio, Huichol, Cora, Mixe,Mixtec, Bribri, Cabecar, Bocota,Eastern Panama (Kuna?), Kogi, Guayabero , Sicuani, Piaroa, Macushi, Aparai, Siona, Secoya, Cofan, Baniwa, Tariana, Letuama, Desana, Barasana, Andoke, Huitoto, Bora, Ocaina, Tatuyo, Moya (Huancavelica Dep.), Prov. Wari (Ankash Dep.), Kashibo, Amuesha, Ashaninka, Machiguenga, Takana, Chimane, Paresi, Kamayura, Kaingang, Sheta, Kaigua, Mbia, Nivakle, Chorote, Matako, Toba, Chamakoko, Tereno, Nyandewa.

Bantu-speaking Africa. Songe [Mwidi lived with his people on a tiny land; after a long wait, his wife became pregnant, a month later she gave birth to Fidi Mukulu; then Lufwa, Tschitenga, Jakaboa were born; FM unrolled the earth like a mat, it became big; his father gave him fire (in flints), it burned him, FM fell, valleys and mountains were formed; FM created vegetation; created people in pairs from each tribe]: Frobenius 1983: 99-101 (briefly in Kotlyar 2009, no. 20: 47); Fang [Mebege and the spider Diboia were between water and sky; D. advised to create the earth; M. took a hair from under his arm, added something from his brain, dipped it, took out a pebble, it turned out to be an egg, lowered it into the sea, told D. to bring the egg when it became hot; he brought it, M. added sperm, from the egg came the god Zame ye Mebege, his sister Nying Mebege, his brother Nlona Mebege, responsible for the evil principle; ZM saw in the sea (a leaf) of the raffia palm, transformed it into a cross, responsible for the 4 cardinal directions; took a hair from under his arm, his brain, made ants and termites, from their excrement the earth was formed; it grew in the sea, hardened; ZM with his sister and brother came out of the egg, stepped onto the earth; ZM erected the cross, it became a raffia palm; then he created people]: Scheub 2000: 147-148.

West Africa. Yoruba.

Melanesia. Manus ; Gazelle Peninsula ; New Britain ; Medjprat ; Samap (NE New Guinea); Kanaka.

Micronesia – Polynesia. Yap ; Palau ; Yap ; Ngulu ; Ulithi ; Fayu ; Ponape ; Lamotrek ; Kapingamarangi ; Bellona ; Rennell ; Tikopia ; Nukuria [A.I. Davletshin, field observations, February 2013; in the water a mound of white sand, the house of a sea worm, grows upward, rises, becomes land; Haraparapa and Kateariki found it; but Roatuu says that these are her islands, it rose together with the sand; then H. and K. carried away the sweet potato and taro they had brought, leaving only the coconut palm and kanokano (?); R. stayed, began to give birth, gave birth to snakes, birds, fish and all creatures of the sea and land, but not people; K. and H. returned, one running along the eastern, the other along the western shore of the atoll, created the present configuration of the reef and islands; so the reef on the NE side is straight, because K. saw normally; and on the NE {obviously, a mistake - southern} it is crooked, because H. was blind; they divide people into clans and create taro fields]: Davletschin 2018: 128-129; Tonga ; Samoa ; Marshall Islands: Erdland 1914 (Ratik) [the first creatures were two snakes - a man Ullip and a woman Lejmān ("rock woman"); U. began to push apart the world around them with a stick until it reached the height of the sky and the width of the sea; from an abscess on his forehead came Lewōj and Lanēj, U. sent them to the sky to arrange the stars; Lejman gave birth to two girls - Lino (Tidal Wave) and Ni; U. collected blood from a cut in his leg in a coconut shell, from which Etao ("Greedy") and Jemelud ("Rainbow" were born); they rose to the sky to destroy its inhabitants; this was in the north, therefore the north of the sky is less populated than the south (i.e. there are few stars there); Liködaner lived on Ailinglapalap, she is the mother of all bright stars (see p. 154 and 167; motives I108, M7)]: 310-311; Lessa 1961 [data on the formation of islands from sand, etc., thrown onto the waters]: 281-286

Tibet – North-East of India. Tibetans ; Garo ; Kachari ; Sherdukpen ; Gallong ; Mikir [the gods Hèmphū and Mukráng erected four pillars at the edges of the future earth, tied them with the hair of their mothers; the wife of the god Bāmon was sent to Hāyóng, the god of the lower world, but he did not give land; leaving, she picked up the dung of a worm, hid it in her bosom; the king of the earthworms was sent, he processed this particle, it continued to grow, turned into earth; the blacksmith Kāpráng dried the earth with bellows]: Stack, Lyall 1908: 70-71; Apatani ; Mishmi ; Nokte ; Rengma ; Kachin.

Burma - Indochina. Ahom ; Shan ; Black Tai of Laos [the earth was the size of a fig leaf, the sky the size of a snail shell; the earth was trying to expand and the sky was trying to squeeze it; the sky was close to the earth]: Bourlet 1907: 921; Karen [the supreme god created a male being, Tha-lu, to rule the sky and a female, Tha-lu, to rule the earth; the earth was at first the size of a spindle whorl; it grew thanks to an earthworm; at first the earth was covered with water; God squeezed it with iron and silk, the water receded, forming rivers; a spider in the sky could descend to the earth and rise back; God created two suns, a male and a female; they lived in a closed palace and could not be seen; a pangolin gnawed a hole, losing all its teeth; both suns came out and it became unbearably hot; God allowed man to kill one sun; he struck it with an arrow from a bow and it became the moon]: Mason 1865: 175; Khmer [at first only water and sky; Krồn Pãli struck the sea eight times with his tail, foam formed, became like flour for a cake; after seven years the earth grew and then continued to grow; at first it was triangular, then quadrangular, then in the shape of a turtle; Buddha made the head of Práh Thorni in the sky, the right hand in the east, the feet in the north, the left hand in the west; made a man out of the earth, then a woman to pair with him; gave the woman three cakes, told her to give two to the man, but she ate two herself, gave one to the man; after this they copulated; the woman gave birth to the Sun, Moon, Mars, etc., and then a boy and a girl; their children populated the earth]: Porée-Maspero 1961: 605-606.

South Asia. Rigveda [Indra and Soma strengthened the sky with a pillar, expanded mother earth]: Ogibenin 1968: 18; barela-bhilala : Stiglmayr 1970: 155 [Hamara Bhagwan decided to create the earth; from the mud on his chest he created a winged dog, sent it with a letter to Dhuda darian; next to him was Lika darian, who could read; from the letter buried in the sand a plant grew, a wasp fertilized it, from one fruit the Earth emerged, from another – animals, from a third – spirits of diseases; Bhagwan ordered the Earth to create the earth; she made a hoe from her tooth, and the worm Benahor promised to get dust from Duli raiya; at first he did not give it, then he gave it; she molded a small earth on a potter's wheel, the earth grew; [Pini meher decided to make earth, rolled mud from his chest, created a dove, gave it a letter, sent it to the Ocean (Dhuda sanat), he was sleeping, the dove buried the letter in the sand, a plant with six or seven branches grew, it is a woman, a wasp became her husband, 5 fruits appeared; of which 1) grains (seeds), 2) wild and domestic animals, 3) metals, 4) Kala nag (black snake), 5) Welu bai (Earth); Bhagwan told her to mold the earth on a potter's wheel; two frogs gave a tooth each to make an axe and a shovel, she dug up ore to make the wheel itself, a bird helped to make it, but broke its beak; Duli raja made six or seven balls of earth, the wasp carried them away; he made a snare of hair, the wasp got caught, that is why it has a narrow waist; but he released it, giving five pellets to Welu bai; she made the earth and the earth grew; Kala nag could not hold it, the bull also could not, so Bhagwan put the earth on 6 pillars; Ram and Lakshman shook the pillars, the earth shook; then Welu bai placed a fish below; on the tail of the fish is a crayfish, sometimes it bites him; during famine the ocean dried up, the fish became naked; people began to cut pieces from it; only the brother and sister were against eating the fish alive; the fish told them to sit in a basket and sent a flood; all were drowned, the brother and sister to the mountain-man (together with the mountain-woman they rose above the waters, but the man was higher); he asked who they were, they answered that they were brother and sister; he turned them to opposite sides, asked again, they answered that they were husband and wife; their excrement, urine and saliva turned into a multitude of people of all castes], 164 [the goddess Welubai sent a wasp to bring clay to make earth; Indraz-Bhagwan set a snare, the wasp was caught, its waist became narrow; V. again sent a wasp, it brought clay, V. gave it to the potter, he made earth; God made a watchman's house, earth was placed on it]; Hinduism ; Nepal ; Chero ; Birhor ; Munda ; Santals ; Bhuya ; Bondo ; Sora ; Baiga ; Koya ; Gonds[Mahadeva was floating on a lotus leaf; he rolled a lump of mud on his body, created a crow out of it, sent him to look for land; it found a Crab, they found Nal Raja and Nal Rani, called them uncle and aunt, asked to borrow land; they got them drunk, prepared to run away, carry away the land; but the Crab woke up, squeezed the land out of him, gave it to the Crow; it brought M., he placed the land in 7 cups made of leaves, told the Spider to entangle the ocean with a web, put the cups on the web, 7 types of land appeared: black, red, milky, barren, gravel, virgin, marshy; M. asked Bhimsen to check if the land was solid; his feet began to stick, he lay down, rolled around, mountains appeared]: Elwin 1949, No. 16: 38; Gonds (Madhya Pradesh) [God Thakur Dev was floating on a lotus flower on the surface of the water; sent Raven to look for land; after six months he met the tortoise Chakarmal Chatri; she was standing with one foot in the water, her head up to the sky; told Raven that the land had been swallowed by the underwater worm Gichna Raja; Tortoise and Raven came to Logandi Raja, told about TD's desire to get land; he ordered his twelfth brother Lohasura to make a wicker boat; he made it with the help of one of his younger brothers; Tortoise and Raven dived from it, Tortoise grabbed the worm by the neck, he burped 21 times; first gave Dharti Mai (Mother Earth), then Mahamundi Dharti (Big-headed Earth), Pan Dharti (Sinful Earth), Yellow Earth, Black Earth, and finally Kumari Dharti (Virgin Earth); the Raven took all the earth in its beak, pulled the rope, LR pulled them up; the Raven gave the earth to TD, he rolled it into a ball, placed it on the water, and dry land arose]: Parmar 1960, no. 12: 50-51 (translated in Kudinov, Kudinov 1995: 29-30); gonds [water everywhere, the Supreme Lord was born from a lotus; rubbed his hand, made a Crow from the rubbed-off mud, ordered earth to be brought; the Crow saw a Crab emerging from the water, leaning against the bottom; sat on the Crab's back, the mark remained; because the Supreme Being made his body hard, the Crab agreed to dive, brought an earthworm, which vomited up earth; the Supreme Being scattered it over the sea, and dry land arose; from the abscess on his hand came Mahadeva and Parvati ; from M.'s urine vegetables grew, P. ate them, and gave birth to the Gonds]: S. Hyslop in Zograf 1971: 7; Gonds(Sunabedha plateau) [water everywhere; from the mud on his body Mahadeva made a crow and sent it to fetch earth; it met a crab; with the help of an earthworm it got earth from the nether world; M. divided the earth into 7 parts, put them on 7 lotus leaves and threw them on the waters, creating 7 islands; told Bhima to check how much the earth had hardened; Bhima stepped on it, his foot sank into the mud, the splashes of mud became mountains; M. created 7 herbs, gave 6 to his wife Parvati, and ordered her not to eat the seventh; when he went into the forest to make a wooden plough, P. ate the seventh herb and became pregnant; frightened, she made a tiger from the mud on her body, sent it to meet M.; he threw pieces of the plough at the tiger, they became (wild) dogs and drove away the tiger; he hid in P.'s house; She seized the dog by the muzzle with her soot-smeared hands, and the muzzle became black; if a tiger treads where a dog has urinated, it becomes blind; that is why a tiger sniffs the ground; learning that P. was pregnant, M. went to Nirakar (the formless one); he said that if P. did not bear children, who would people the earth? P. bore a thousand children; she buried the ugly ones under the trees, and showed the beautiful ones to M.; he made them the progenitors of clans, castes, etc.; the first son became the progenitor of the Gonds; at first they lived on roots and fruits; M. prepared the fields; ordered Janra and Manika to plough them; sent Bhima to get rice from Kuvera; he gave him half the produce; the produce was more, but M. did not understand and (out of anger) set fire to the rice; Brahma, Vishnu, Vasuki and Indra extinguished the fire; The remaining rice, burnt to varying degrees, was given different names depending on its color (20 are listed); M. began to grow rice again; this is how the Gonds got it]: Kumar Mishra 2007: 62-63; oraons ; kondas ; kondas [Dokra was going to kill a deer while hunting; he told him not to shoot: in 7 days there would be rain and a flood; put his son and daughter in a gourd and give them a supply of food for 12 years; Mahaprabhu made a crow from the mud on his body, sent her to find out if there were any survivors of the flood; she reported a gourd; M. decided to get some earth; the crow flew to the earthworm, who brought earth from the lower world; a tortoise and a crab helped; M. put earth on 7 lotus leaves, threw them on the waters, 7 islands arose; he created plants, animals, mountains and rivers; the survivors replied that they were brother and sister; M. divided them for 12 years and changed their faces by sending smallpox on them; they did not recognize each other, gave birth to 12 sons; each became the progenitor of one of the nations (Gonds, Konds, Baiga, Bhumia, Koya, etc.)]: Kumar Mishra 2007: 90-92; Konds (Kuttia) [there are only rocks on the earth; Nirantali and Sarantali sent two Konds to bring earth; they scratched the rock with their nails, got red, black, white, yellow earth; N. and S. scattered it through a sieve, soil was formed; but sometimes rocks protrude to the surface]: Elwin 1954, No. 10: 7-8; Agariya ; Maria (Bison-Horn Maria); Telugu(yanadi) [an old man grew a huge pumpkin, tied it to a banyan tree with a long rope; when a downpour and a flood began, he climbed into it with his daughter, sealing the seam with wax; Parameswara saw with his third eye that there were people inside the pumpkin, created a mound of earth where the pumpkin landed; asked the old man who the woman was, he replied that she was his daughter; told him to consider her his wife; the woman began to give birth to a huge number of people, the mound of earth began to grow; then a crane flew in, asked for a place for himself too, the earth grew even more]: Raghaviah 1962: 415-416; Sinhalese [at the end of a kalpa, rain floods the earth; Saman answers Vishnu that only the king of the asuras Rahu can revive the earth; R. asks V. to grow a lotus; he climbs down its stem to the bottom, brings a handful of earth; V. places it on the water, creates dry land; Surya and Chandra (the sun and the moon) came to illuminate the earth; S. and V. sculpted a Brahmin, he himself sculpted a woman for himself, revived her]: Parker 1910, no. 1: 47-49 (=Volkhonsky, Solntseva 1985, no. 1: 28-29); Varli : Dalmia 1988 [Mahadeva and Ganga Gauri created the world; M. summoned the gods, no one came, then he flooded the earth for 12 years; then asked Naranadeva and Brahmadeva {further Barham - the same?} to bring earth from the world of Ghunderideva (ghunderi is a fly that collects clay and makes a nest out of it in the corner of a house); they brought clay, wrote on it, made cakes, they began to grow, from them they made the sky and the earth; only Bhimabali was able to raise the sky, tearing it away from the earth; the earth was unstable; to fix it, Mahadeva ordered Naran and Barham to bring stones from the world of patheri (a type of small rat, there are always many stones near its hole); from the stones they made hills and mountains; to create vegetation, M. sent N. and B. to the world of squirrels and ants for seeds; they brought, but little; he sent them to the king Lakhapati to bring more; M. and Gauri dug a hole to get water at the foot of a date palm, got drunk; G.: let no one do this; M. created dense forests, G. - trees in the savannas; during the flood, two children were saved in a tree; M.: who are you? - Brother and sister; the gods separated them, brought them together - the same; so 7 times, but then they did not recognize each other and said that they were husband and wife; people were created from them; the gods created animals; animals and plants multiplied, the earth could not bear such a burden; she turned to her brother, King Pandu ("white" in Sanskrit and Marathi), but he lifted her up and threw her; M. and G. returned, the earth complained to them, they called the gods; M. punished Pandu, making him the lord of the lower world; the bull in this world said to the cow: now our world will become the kingdom of death; Jum Joshi (the god of death) sent his messengers to P., but P. put them in prison; he himself hid; JJ sent him poisoned berries and he died; after that people began to die and the earth felt better; do people were like snakes - they shed their skin and were renewed]: 25-30; bhumiya[the mother of the five Pandava brothers, Kotma, complains to the celestial god Bhagavan that the earth is filled with rocks; B. suggests that the Pandavas descend into the underworld of the king of snakes, Burha-Nanga; the king of turtles, Kichul, descends through a crack in the earth, accompanied by an earth wasp, an earthworm, and a white ant; the wasp ferried everyone to the other side of the river; the king of snakes has set seven traps, with a crab, Kakramal, nearby; one of his claws is in the underworld, the other reaches to the sky; the crab is sleeping, Kichul and his companions are passing by; Mother Earth agrees to go up, hides in Kichul's mouth; K.'s companions have swallowed white clay, red clay, and black soil; while leaving, K. gets entangled in a trap; K. and his companions are placed under a press, and the soil is squeezed out of them; several grains get stuck between K.'s teeth; The Earthworm cut them with a knife, found grains; the Wasp brings Mother Earth back to life; Kotma's son Bhimsen makes a churning rod out of the Python, wraps it around the Stone Snake, Kotma begins to beat the earth in a stone cauldron; an intoxicating drink must be poured onto the earth; it is in a hollow tree, two Blue Starlings distill it into barrels; they let Bhimsen drink as much as he wants, give him a jug of the drink to take with him; it is poured onto the earth, it spills over the edges of the cauldron, spills over the earth; Nanga-Baiga becomes her husband; he cuts off his sixth finger, nails four pieces to the four corners of the earth]: Fuchs 1970: 16-22.

Malaysia – Indonesia. Semangi ; Nias [while creating the earth, a divine personage stretched it out and shaped it, then fasted for many days; then received nine plates with different kinds of food; he began to eat a ripe banana instead of a crayfish, which is why people are subject to rapid decay like a banana; a snake ate the discarded crayfish and is immortal]: Chatelin 1881: 114 in Dixon 1916: 182; Bataki (Dairi) [the pregnant wife of the supreme god Batara Guru wants meat; B. sent a raven for meat; in the world of the gods the raven found nothing; flew into a cave leading down, first dropping a bamboo stick, found himself over the ocean, found the dropped stick, sat on it; did not find an opening in the sky to return; B. went to look for the raven, taking with him a handful of earth, seven pieces of wood, a chisel, a goat, a bumblebee; made a raft out of pieces of wood, shouted in eight directions, and lit a fire; a goat and a bumblebee supported the raft-earth; B. gave this world to the raven so that it could live in it]: Schmidt 1910: 7 in Hatt 1949: 33-34; Batak (Dairi) [data on the Dairi are based on the publication of Y. Tuut, 1860-1862, Vols. 1-4; the raft was placed on the head of a goat, and thus the earth came into being]: Brakel-Papenhuyzen 2016: 389; Iban ; Kayan ; Dayak of SE Borneo; Minahasa ; Tetum ; Timor (group not specified).

Taiwan - Philippines. Tiruray [the god Sualla lived in heaven, his sister Sinoggol lived in the lower world; in the palace of the rising sun there were 8 pillars made of hardwood pith leaning against the walls of heaven; S. turned one of them into a man, made a woman out of his rib; their son Mantalalan fell ill, the mother sent her husband to S. for medicine; on the way the king of demons replaced the medicine, the child died; S. thought that this was the machinations of his sister; S. sent his four brothers from the four corners of the world to heaven to the prophet Mohammed, who gave soil to bury M.; corn grew from his teeth, rice from his navel, bananas from his hands; S.'s sister threw down her comb, he became a pig so that it would destroy the banana plantations and so that it itself would serve as food; she spat, creating rats; because of her, people die and starve; She lives in the world of the dead, so she wants more people, animals, insects – everyone who dies – to come to her there: Eugenio 1994, no. 181a: 304-305; manuwu [Manama created the world, asked Diwata Panayangan to cover the rocks with soil; he sent bees and wasps, they found soil in the (apparently underground) world of Ogassi, brought it; M. created mountains, sea, rivers; molded human figures from earth; due to O.'s intervention, some of their nostrils were open upward, they choked during the rain; M. went away to look for how to breathe life into the figures; at that time O. breathed life into them with the help of knotted abaca fibers; that is why human life is short]: Eugenio 1994, no. 184: 310; mansaka [Taganlang was sitting on a rock; sent the bird Oribig to fly to the edge of the world to bring earth; it brought it; T. placed it on a rock, created the earth with vegetation on it; from the kasili tree he made the first man and woman]: Eugenio 1994, No. 38: 94; mangian [ Mahal Makanaako held a tree in his hands, it provided shade; a worm fell from the tree into his hand, its excrement became earth; other worms appeared in the earth, there was more of it; MM created the brothers Malvai and Dalidali, ordered them to mold the earth; M. worked diligently, valleys appeared; D. hurried - mountains; a grain of rice was enough to feed everyone; machete himself cleared the field; people shed their skin and grew younger; men gave birth to children from the calf of their legs; the first were born to M.; the woman Daga ("earth") took pity on the men, told her brother that women would give birth; she stepped over his leg, the child ended up in her belly; the sky was low, preventing the rice from being threshed; D. struck it with the top end of the pestle, it rose; the Wild Hen was giving people eggs; D. ran impatiently to look, there was droppings in the basket, the Wild Hen refused to give eggs anymore; D. watched as one grain of rice filled the pot; the grain of rice felt ashamed that people were looking at it, now it needed a lot of rice]: Eugenio 1994, no. 25: 73-74 (translated in Rybkin 1975, no. 1: 27-28); bilaan[Melú and Fiuweígh men, Dwata and Saweígh women lived on a tiny piece of land the size of a hat; sent the bird Saswit to bring earth from overseas; M. took what was brought, made earth, sowed the seeds brought by the bird; made men out of wax, they melted in the fire; then out of mud; F. placed their noses upside down, M. adjusted them imperceptibly, the dent remained; M. and S. now live underground, D. and F. in the sky]: Cole 1916: 141-142; Negrito of Luzon (Ragay) [the earth was small at first]: Garvan 1963: 211.

China – Korea. Ancient China [a turtle and an owl inform Gun that the heavenly palace contains self-growing earth, sizhan ; its lump turns into mountains and dams; G. kidnaps it, the water subsides; upon learning of the kidnapping, Shang-di sends the god of fire Zhuzhong to earth, who kills G. on the Mountain of Bird Feathers, takes away sizhan; the flood continues]: Yuan Ke 1987, ch.VII: 166-167.

Balkans. Bulgarians (Bessarabia; northwestern Bulgaria); Slovenes ; Romanians ; Hungarians (Moldova, Bukovina, western Transylvania); Gagauz.

Central Europe. Poles : Krzyżanowski 1963, no. 2450.1 (central Poland on the Vistula) [the devil sent a duck to dive; it brought earth from the seabed in its crop, but dropped it when it saw a hawk pursuing it], 2450.2 (Łódź Voivodeship) [the devil tries to drown God, who is sleeping on a small island; he drags him to the edge, but the earth expands and turns into a continent]: 173: 173; Russian written tradition (manuscript of the Solovetsky Library; from Paleja, late 16th or early 17th century) [God walked on water, saw a goldeneye; began to question it, it answered that he was the God of gods, from above, and she from below; God ordered her to give from below; the bird dived, brought foam to God like mud, God made earth out of it; he named the bird Sothonael, made him the chief of the heavenly powers; he decides to set up a throne for himself above the stars; God transferred power over the heavenly powers to Michael; M. first abandoned S., but God removed S.'s divinity, M. overthrew him from heaven; he fell, sank into the ground, and part of his powers with him; others fell to the ground, became demons; others remained in the air, pretending to be angels]: Porfiryev 1877: 87-89; Russians (apocrypha) [there was only the boundless Sea of ​​​​Tiberias, in which Sataniel in the form of Gogol and God swim; they conduct a dialogue; - Who are you? - God. - And who am I? - The God of gods. Where are you from? - Ego ex infimis. - And where am I from? - De superis. - Da mihi ex infimis; [the bird dives, brings earth…]: Dragomanov in Köngäs 1960: 160; Russian (Arkhangelsk, Olonetsk, Vologda, Novgorod, Pskov, Yaroslavl, Vladimir, Kostroma, Kaluga, Ryazan, Smolensk, Vyatka, Kazan, Oryol, Tambov, Penza, Saratov) [story about diving for earth and creating dry land from a small amount of earth brought from the ocean floor]: Kuzmina 1998: 56-67; Russian (Karelian Pomorie) [two ducks were swimming on the water: God and Sataniel; God sent S. to dive to the bottom to get earth, to say, Lord bless! S. was silent twice, the water washed the earth out of his hands; the third time he said, "so be it!", a little earth remained; God threw earth from S.'s right hand onto the water, and the Russian land arose; from his left hand - the infidel land; He gave S. a hammer and ordered him to hit the stone, saying "Lord, bless!"; He hammered out thousands of angels; and then He began to hammer silently, and demons arose; God created heaven, S. - the second; etc.; God - the sixth, S. - the seventh and last; God threw S. with his demons down, they fell for 40 days and nights; some into the sea - sea kings, into rivers - water kings, into lakes - lake kings, into swamps - swamp kings, into forests - wood goblins, onto houses - house spirits, onto courtyards - courtyard spirits, onto bathhouses - bathhouse spirits; S. fell into hell and became Satan; the remaining spirits went to confuse people, became devils]: Durov 1924: 53-54; Russian(Olonetskaya) [On the ancient ocean-sea there swam two goldeneyes: one a white goldeneye, and the other a black goldeneye. And with these two goldeneyes swam the Lord Almighty and Satan. By God's command, by the Mother of God's blessing, Satan rose from the bottom of the sea a handful of earth. From that handful the Lord created level places and clear fields, and Satan made impassable chasms, gorges and high mountains. And the Lord struck the stone with a hammer - and created the heavenly forces, Satan struck the stone with a hammer - and created his army. And a great war began between the armies: at first the army of Satan prevailed, but in the end the heavenly forces prevailed. And Archangel Michael cast down the satanic army from heaven, and it fell to the earth in different places: those who fell in the forests became forest spirits, those who fell in the water became water spirits, those who fell in the house became house spirits; others fell into bathhouses and became bathhouse spirits, others in courtyards became courtyard spirits, and others in barns became barn spirits]: Rybnikov 1864: 191-192 (= Krinitskaya 2014: 150); Russians (Vologda) [there were two brothers – a dove and a gogol; they get the earth from the depths of the waters; they create a man from sand, a woman from bone]: Belova 2004, No. 70: 47; Russians (Gorky region, Makaryevo, western author 1965) [Satan answers God that the earth is at the bottom of the sea; dives in the form of a waterfowl, takes earth in his mouth, loses it on the way; brings it the third time; God scattered it across the sea, islands and continents arose; S. hid some of the earth in his cheek, it began to swell; he threw it behind his back, the northern cold lands arose from it]: Morokhin 1998, No. 455: 425; Russians (Saratov Volga region) [God created the sky and waters, rides on a stone on the water, spat, Titan appeared from the abyss; he says that his name is Titaniel, but you can call him simply: Gogol; ready to listen to the command; God commands him to fly to the sky, bring earth; he brought it, but hid a pinch behind his cheek; God scattered the earth across the water, dry land became; to hold it, he created three whales, a stone slab on them, and earth on it; God sees Gogol's swollen cheek, orders him to spit out the earth, the earth with valleys and mountains arose; out of envy Gogol dug in his heels, squeezed God's earth, it also wrinkled; Gogol claims that it is more beautiful this way; a peasant will remember the Lord when he goes uphill, and the jester when he goes downhill; God orders him to bring seeds from paradise, he gave them to God from his right hand, kept them for himself from his left; useful plants grew from what God sown, useless, prickly, poisonous ones grew from what Gogol sown]: Zavaritsky 1916, No. 1: 67-69; Ukrainians(Hutsuls) [in the beginning there was water everywhere; God walked on the water, Aley (Ilya) slept on the clouds; one place on the waters became covered with foam, God turned it into Aridnyk (Satan); told him to dive, he brought some clay from the bottom under his fingernail, God made the earth out of it; God lay down to rest; A. began to try to push him into the water, but as he pulled him to the edge, the earth became larger and larger; waking up, God threw A. into the water, it became covered with ice; A. broke the ice with his head, climbed out onto dry land again; after this God began to call him an enemy, not a friend; Aley woke up, saw the earth, pushed it in fear, valleys and mountains were formed; to prevent this from happening again, God chained his hand to a rock; with one hand he can only shake the clouds (thunder); only A. had the ability to create and only God could revive creations; therefore all creatures belonged to A., God had to steal them from him; their struggle ended with God throwing A. in prison; while they were fighting, a piece of God's skin was torn from his hand and fell to the ground; Adam arose from this; one day A. broke free from his chain, found A., spat on him and he became unclean; then God turned A. inside out, the uncleanness remained inside; when A. was sleeping, God put a willow branch next to him, Eve arose from it; she ate the fruit of the forbidden tree, became the cause of people's sinfulness; people multiplied; those who sinned became devils - A.'s assistants; the first people were small and long-bearded ("lectoborods"); after them the earth was populated by giants; they were evil, God destroyed them with a flood; only Noah and his family were saved; var.: a horn stuck out of the water, two clung to it and did not drown; since then people are smaller and smaller, will become dwarfs again]: Koenig 1936: 369-371; Ukrainians (Galicia) [seven lists of carols from the early 1840s; two doves fly down to two oak trees in the middle of the waters; they bring sand from the bottom, from which they create the earth with everything on it, and a blue stone, from which they create the sky and the luminaries; variants: a golden stone, three doves, one (green sycamore), three trees (the tree is in all versions), two angels bring black earth, make the sun, moon and stars from it; Paul, Peter and God are on the trees, the first dive unsuccessfully, God dives, brings sand; two brothers (not named), one dives]: Kuznetsova 1998: 110-117; Ukrainians(Galicia, Kosiv district council, 1902) [everywhere there is only sea; in the sea there is noise, from the noise Herod arose; dew fell from the sky, from it – God; he knows the thoughts of Herod and people, and Herod knows the thoughts of people only when they speak; Herod offers to create dry land; God tells him to dive and get earth from the bottom in the name of God; he dives twice, but says that it is in his name; while he is rising, the earth slips through his fingers, washed away by water; the third time he says that it is in the name of God, but his, Herod’s, too; God fell asleep, Herod drags him to the edge of the dry land to drown him; but the dry land expands as he does so; God created Adam from clay; Herod spat on him; God turned him inside out; since then there is illness and weakness inside man; God created Eve from Adam’s rib; he ordered them not to commit fornication; they sinned and God drove them out; Adam made a hut without windows, began to carry light in handfuls; God cut out windows; Satan (aka Herod) rebelled, and God ordered the Archangel Michael to throw him and his servants out of heaven; they fell on rocks, forests, water, broke up, many ended up on the ground; God ordered Elijah to strike Satan's army with lightning; then he deprived him of the strength in one arm and leg; that is why during a thunderstorm Elijah fires at half strength; at the end of time he will strike with all his strength and the earth will crumble; Satan descended into hell, sits there chained to a chair; and Elijah, as soon as he sees the devil, strikes him with lightning]: Gnatyuk 1902 (2), No. 382: 217-220; Ukrainians (Podolia, Vinnitsa district) [there was only a bottomless sea; God invited Sataniel to create the world; tells him to get some sand from the bottom in the name of the Lord; S. did not say "in the name of the Lord", the sand was washed away by water; the third time S. said it and brought sand; God scattered it, blessed the earth and it grew; S. licked some of the sand from his hand and held it in his mouth; there it also began to grow, S. spat it out, mountains and waste lands appeared; they would have been growing even now if Peter and Paul had not put a curse on them; God went to bed, and S. dragged him to the edge of the earth to drown; but as he dragged him, the earth grew and rested against the edge of the sky]: Dragomanov 1876, No. 1: 89-91; Ukrainians (Podolia) [at first there was only water, and demons in it; God told one to get some earth from the bottom; he got it the third time, but kept a little for himself; God blessed it, scattered it, the earth grew; the devil scattered his too, mountains and waste lands appeared; the devils tried to climb up the mountains to the sky, God began to strike the rocks with thunder; the devils will sit under the fallen mountains until the earth becomes level again]: Levchenko 1928, No. 1: 1; Ukrainians(Chernigovskaya, Kozeletsky district) [there was neither land nor sky, there was water everywhere; God was flying over the water; he saw a firebrand without arms and legs; it was Sataniel; God said to him: "Dive into the water and get some earth in my name"; S. dived, said: "Take hold of it, earth, in my name"; the earth was not given; S. dived a second time, the situation repeated itself; the third time S. said: "Take hold of it, earth, in the name of God"; the earth was given, S. gave it to God; God said that now they would sow; where the earth fell in a mound, a mountain appeared; where it was level, there were flat fields; where the earth sank and did not cover the water, a lake; when they sowed, God crossed the earth and flew to the sky; [this is how the earth appeared]: Chubinsky 1878, No. 96: 359-360; Ukrainians (Poltava, Kharkov) [story about diving for earth and creating land from a small amount of earth brought from the bottom of the ocean]: Kuzmina 1998: 64, 72; Ukrainians(Kherson, Elizavetinsky district) [the devil and God were friends; the devil owned thunder, and God owned the sky; in order to take possession of thunder, God began to walk the earth; the devil had no land of his own, only water, he asks to be taught how to get earth; God tells him to dive, take some earth from the bottom, squeeze it in his hand and scatter whatever remains at least under his nails over the water; the devil left his thunder on the shore on the stones and dived; God to the Archangel Gabriel: quickly grab the thunder, it is on our land, and what is placed on our land is ours; G. hid behind a stone; the devil dived, but surfaced and looks: did anyone take the thunder - did not take it; the same a second time; the devil decided that God had forgotten about the thunder and dived to the bottom; G. grabbed the thunder; seeing that the devil was rising to the surface, God froze the sea; The devil broke through the ice with his head only on the third try; chased after G., already grabbed him by the leg and tore out a piece of flesh - now people have a notch on their feet; God: yes, you hit him with thunder; G. broke the devil's wings with thunder, now devils fly poorly; G. gave the thunder to God; then God came down, the devil had already created the earth; God wet his finger, splashed water behind him, a man appeared; the devil tried too, but his man does not speak or walk, but is covered with hard skin; then he spat on him; God: you turn him inside out; the devil turned him inside out, the drool and snot remained inside, and that skin is only on the tips of the fingers, these are nails; God returned to heaven, and the devil made people; he is envious that he has a lot of people, but they are all on earth, and God has few, but in heaven; the devil decided to take possession of heaven himself, and overthrow God from there; God to the archangel who holds the sky in his hands: shake it; the devils fell, where someone fell, there he remained; now you can’t build a hut everywhere; if you build it in the devil’s place, you’ll work all your life; then God came to the devil again, he was building something, one hut was very big – hell; the devil then had a receipt: after death all people are his; Christ tore up this receipt when he went to hell; God to the devil: show me how to sit in that hell; the devil climbed in, closed the doors; God: In the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit! the exits were completely closed; but one hand of the devil remained free; he asks the other devils to rescue him, otherwise he will perish; the eldest one approached, and the one sitting in hell threw him against the rock; therefore now the eldest devil is crooked, and the first one still sits, cannot get out; this is where the friendship between God and the devil ended]: Yastrebov 1894, No. 1: 119-121; Belarusians (Smolensk) [the sea is everywhere; the Devil is imprisoned in the body of a swan; God promises to free him if he gets earth from the bottom; he orders to say, " Lord bless "; the Devil-swan dives, takes sand in his mouth, but does not say what he was ordered, the sand is washed away; the third time he speaks, brings sand, hides some in his mouth; the earth grows, including in the Devil's mouth, he spits it out, creating swamps]: Dobrovolsky 1891, No. 8: 229-300; Belarusians: Grynblat, Gursky 1983, #4 [The devil saw God sowing earth, hid some in his mouth; God asked what he was eating, the devil swallowed the earth, it began to grow; he began to burp, swamps formed in these places, where devils live], 5 [at first there was water everywhere; God was sailing in a boat, the devil was watching what he was going to do; God sowed the earth, dry land appeared from the forest and everything; the devil swallowed the earth, it began to grow, he burped it up, swamps appeared, places overgrown with willow; a man began to tear bast, the devil asked what he was doing; the man tied him to an oak tree; the devil jerked, dragged the oak tree behind him, leaving a trace on the swamps], 6 [God was in the air, saw a bubble, the one in it answered that he was a god, and whoever asked was a god above the gods; God offered to get some earth; the one in the bubble brought it in his hands, but hid what he had taken in his mouth; God sowed the earth, it began to grow; the same thing happened in the devil's mouth; he burped it up, swamps and mountains appeared there], 8 [at first there was only water, God was swimming, he saw a bubble, the devil jumped out of it; God told him to get the earth out of the water; the devil brought it in his lap, God sowed it; the devil hid part of the earth in his cheek, the earth began to grow, he burped it up, swamps appeared]: 37-38, 38-39, 40, 41.

Caucasus - Asia Minor. Karachays ; Ingush [foam began to thicken in the boiling sea; a place was formed where Mecca is now; then the earth increased and became large; to strengthen the earth, God created hills and mountains]: Dakhkilgov 2003: 23; Nogays (published by: T. Akmanbetov. Syntastyn yyluvy (Warmth of the monument), Makhachkala, 2008; recorded by folklorist Takhir Akmanbetov in 1975 from a resident of the village of Sarysu, Chechen-Ingush ASSR, Amanbaev Ozbek Amanbai uly, born in 1913; informant - storyteller, musician, played old melodies on the horn) [at first only the eternal sky - Tangri, he has a companion Umai, Umai has two birds - Ak-Ku ("white swan") and Kara-Bapiy ("black duck"); Ak-Ku laid an egg, it consisted of water; Kara-Bapiy swam in the water, but she was pulled down, she dived, then swam; one day she felt silt and sand on the bottom; she began to pull them to the surface and built a nest; continued to pile up silt and sand around the nest, from which her nose became red and long; the nest grew and became dry land; Kara-bapiy knew that she was not allowed to do anything; when she created the earth, fearing punishment, she dived into the lower world; she was restless and persistent, which is why she received the name Erke-khan]: Kapaev 2012: 30, 226; Terek Cossacks (Karabulakskaya st.) [when the Lord created the sky and the sea, he "began to plant the earth"; sent the devil into the sea to bring sand; the devil climbed into the sea, took sand in both handfuls, and hid one handful behind his cheekbone to do the same as the Lord; when he climbed out of the sea, he gave the Lord two handfuls; the Lord began to scatter sand in all directions; wherever at least one grain of sand fell, earth began to grow from it; the sand in the devil's mouth also began to grow; the devil screamed in pain; told the Lord that he wanted to hide some sand from him, and he began to force his mouth open; the Lord told the devil to run and spit until he spat out all the sand; the devil did so; where he spat, mountains appeared]: Baranov 1899, No. 9: 192-193.

Iran – Central Asia. Gilgit ( Shina , Burishi ); Avesta [when Yima’s kingdom reached 300 winters, the earth was overflowing with cattle, people, birds, dogs and blazing fires; turning to the south, Yima ordered the earth to stretch out, it expanded by a third; when Yima’s kingdom reached 600 winters, the earth was overflowing again, Y. expanded the earth by two-thirds more than before; when 900 years, by three-thirds]: Steblin-Kamensky 1993: 176-178.

Baltoscandia. Saami ; Finns ; Karelians : Yevseyev 1981 [(Salminen 1908); A loon flies over the sea, Satan sends it to dive for land; it dives three times, each time a large part of the land is washed away; still enough for the loon to be able to live on the land; God says that there is little land, S. hid some in his mouth; God told him to spit it out, he spat to the north, creating rocks, mountains; S. cut his finger, God spoke over the wound]: 311-312; Makarov 1959 [proverb: "Water is the oldest of medicines, willow is of trees, hummock is of dry land, titmouse is of heavenly birds"]: 172; Livs ; Livs [God throws a nut over his left spit, the Devil grabs it with his mouth, the nut begins to grow, the Devil spits it out]: Loorits 1926: 80; Latvians ; Lithuanians.

Volga - Perm. Komi-Zyryans ; Komi-Permyaks ; Udmurts ; Mari ; Mordvins (Erzya, Moksha); Chuvash ; Tatars ; Bashkirs ; Bashkirs [the earth was the size of a spoon, and the sky the size of a cup; people and animals grew in number, the earth and sky began to increase; everyone ate from one cauldron; the Giant ( Alyk ) emptied it; they made a new one of silver, a ladle of gold; A. picked up the ladle, threw it up, it turned into the Big Dipper]: Nadrshina 1985, No. 3: 10-11.

Turkestan. Karakalpaks [In ancient times there was no land, instead everything was covered by empty water. The bird Suimyryk (a mythical bird) began to get mud from under the water with its beak (1) to make a nest for itself. All kinds of dust, grass, and seaweed gathered on this mud in the nest, and formed a large land. From this the earth was born. 1) "уйык" in the Karakalpak-Russian dictionary of Baskakov of 1958 (30,000 words) is translated: 1) swamp, marshy place, quagmire; 2) mud; (translated by Islam Saparbayev with clarifications and commentary by Ruslan Doutaliev)]: Aimbetov 2014b: 25; Yellow Uighurs [at first only water and sky; Śākyamuni called the Black Dragon from the sky, put a piece of black silk on his back, and ordered him to bring gold; put white silk on the back of the White Elephant, ordered him white soil; threw soil and gold into the sea, the earth arose; at first it was small; Sh. went to the sky for advice to the god Layangjia; he answered that when four pillars were erected at the four corners of the sky, the God of Fire would create fire, and women would give birth to children, the earth would grow; when Sh. returned, the ocean had already greatly diminished, mountains and rivers had appeared, and people appeared on the earth]: Stuart, Jhang 1996: 13.

Southern Siberia - Mongolia. Chulym Turks [water everywhere, a loon swims; God: what do you eat? - Earth. - Where is it? - Under water. - Get it, I will thank you. The loon brought earth three times, it turned out to be a flat cake, God lay down on it; the devil grabbed him by the leg and threw him into the water; God is on dry land, a lot of earth formed; the devil grabbed the sleeping God by the legs, pulled him into the water, and the earth expanded; he dragged until it became dry around; the devil asked for half the earth; God refused; well, at least to stick a stake in it; God allowed, the devil stuck the stake in and took it out, mosquitoes and midges came out of there; God plugged the hole; made a dog; made a man; he went for the soul, ordered the dog to guard the man; the devil asked to let him through: I will feed him and sprinkle him with black wool; the dog let him through; the devil pierced the navel and spat there; God ordered the dog to serve the man; [since then people have had diseases]: Lukina 2004, No. 5.1: 97-98; Chelkantsy (Lebedin Tatars, Otkyushte, 1863) [“At first there was only water and no land anywhere. Then God sent a white swan to the water and ordered it to bring water to the sky in its beak. But when it dived, a little earth stuck to its beak. The swan blew the earth from its beak, and it fell on the water in small specks of dust and began to float on its surface. These specks of dust began to grow and expand, and from them became the earth. But the earth was smooth and flat. Then God sent a second bird to the earth so that it would dig up the earth with its beak, and from this mountains and valleys appeared on the earth. But the devil did not like the beautiful treeless land, and he created the mob with its swamps, where people can barely live and are very poor. At first God created man, who lived on earth all alone. He was a man. One day, when he was sleeping, the devil touched his chest, and a bone began to grow from his thigh, and when it became longer, it fell to the ground and a woman appeared from it”: Radlov 1989: 211 (the episode with the swan diving is mentioned in Dyrenkova 1929: 123); Altaians ; Shors ; Khakass ; Pribail Buryats (Balagan, Alar, Idin, Verkholen); Khalza- Mongols ; Mongols of Inner Mongolia; Mongols [at first only water, God cannot find a piece of land; saw a swimming golden frog; snatched a handful of earth from the air, put it on its back; the frog went under water, the earth was washed away; When the frog surfaced again, the god shot, the arrow pierced it, the frog turned over on its back, pressed the earth to its stomach with its paws; thus land and the five elements were formed: metal, wood, water, fire, earth; since the god shot from the east, wood (the shaft of the arrow) was on that side; the frog's head was to the south, it spewed flame from its mouth, therefore the south is fire; the metal tip was in the west - that's where the metals are; the frog wet itself, therefore the north is water]: Stuart, Limusishiden 1994: 41.

Western Siberia. Nenets (Forest, Yamal, Nadym, Yenisei, Taimyr); Nenets (Turukhansk region) [seven people were saved from the flood in a boat; were lifted by the water right up to the sky, so that they could not stand up, bent under the firmament; asked a loon to find land; it dived, and after a few days brought out some earth with sand and grass; having thrown it into the water, people asked Nua to make land for them; the water began to recede and disappeared completely; one woman sucked her own breasts, from which she died; another drank her own urine, remained alive; people guessed to dig a hole, found water; began to starve, a boy and a girl remained; they ate their fill of mice; a mammoth turned up mountains and ravines, lakes and rivers were formed; Nua got angry, the mammoth drowned, now lives underground; one man made a bow out of wood, another an arrow out of mammoth bone, killed a deer; skinned it with a mammoth bone knife]: Tretyakov 1871: 201-202; Mansi (Berezovsky district), southern Mansi ; Mansi ; eastern Khanty : Lukina 2004, No. 1.1 (Tomsk region) [there was only sea everywhere; Torum began to pour earth from his hand and wheat on it; the devil appeared, made swamps, hummocks, holes; stuck his staff in; T. fell asleep, the devil began to drag him to drown him, there was earth everywhere; T. flew to the sky, and the devil began to live underground]: 13; Shatilov 1931 (Vakh river) [there was water everywhere, the Loon flew over it, Torum swam on the water ; ordered the loon to dive, it brought mud in its beak; T. created the earth from it with mountains, rivers, vegetation, animals]: 100; Nganasans ; Nganasans: Dolgikh 1987, #1 [the earth at first is bare ice; the first man, all white, finds the first woman; she says that she has given birth to worms, birds, all living things; they gave birth to a child-blade of grass, from him the icy earth gradually began to be covered with grass; the man is afraid that "something flying" will destroy the child, the earth will not grow; they give birth to a second child, it is a hornless deer; the flying one appeared, it is a horned deer, defeated the hornless one; he asked the White Man to give him horns; the father made one horn of stone, the other of mammoth bone; the White Man's son defeated the enemy, he left; the earth became big; many flying ones arrived, the White Man's son defeated them all; the White Man and the woman gave birth to many people; the White Man's son asks to clean his horns; the cleanings of the stone horn strengthened the earth with stones, it was soft, moved; the cleanings of the mammoth horn became mammoth bone; a mouse asks for help, everyone overcomes it; the White Man's son threw his stone horn, clouds became from it, snow began to fall; a mouse wants a long winter, so that it will not be found under the snow; and so it happened; he threw his mammoth horn upward - there was frost, it was clear; thunder - stones knock above, lightning - sparks from stones], 10 [first there was water all around, the tops of stones were visible, then a little land, on it a willow and a man and a woman; then the land became large; a man and a woman found two calves; people and deer multiplied]: 39-44, 54-55; Enets ; southern Selkups [recorded by I.N. Gemuev, 1980, the informant was a shaman in his youth; “The earth was sinking at first. God sent a loon, he got nothing. Gogol ( porya ) got sand. This is our land. God sent a snake, then a bird, a hazel grouse. And before that – the hoofed hen. And the hazel grouse scared the hoofed hen. The hoofed hen started pecking at it, that’s why the hazel grouse has only a little white meat, the rest is black. And he let people go ahead of everyone else. People started fighting, and he let a snake go to chase them away. He let dogs go, like he let a naked man go. She’s freezing – the devil came. – What happened? I freeze. The devil gave her her skin. Now we’re sick – we’re coughing. God sent us – he made a man out of clay, he sits like a man. And the devil spat – spat. That’s what we’re rooting for]: Baulo, Tuchkova 2017: 11; Northern Selkups ; Kets ; Kets [Marya Maksimovna Irikova, Kellogg, August 2009; Father told me that a little bird, a swallow or something, brought a piece of earth in its beak; from this land the land then began to expand]: Davletshin, Duvakin 2009, personal communication.

Eastern Siberia. Northern Reindeer Yakuts ; Yakuts (Vilyuysky districts and Ugulatsky nasleg of Oleneksky district); Yakuts (Turukhansky region); Verkhoyansk Yakuts ; Central Yakuts (materials of 1741-1745, place of recording not specified, most likely Yakutsk) [“Ar-Tojon, Urung Tojon and Suga Tojon unanimously agreed to create heaven and earth and, as they say: Sir Tangara ödübita, Kuin, Cui, U, Kisi, bari Kamnür Kara ongnorbutag – “Earth, heaven began. Sun, moon, water, man and all moving things were created.” Adsjarai bögo created meteors because he wanted to have the whole world under his power, like the previous ones, but Ar-Tojon and his brothers cursed him and cast him into the underworld - Ödangnia, as a result of which he became an enemy of the human race and animals and from time to time torments them with frost, snow and rain. The Yakuts have a legend about this. He, Adsjarai bögo, demanded only the sun and water for himself, which they wanted to give him on condition that he would catch a gleam - Dsergelgen, but since he could not do this, everything remained as before. The world that they created consisted at first of the sky, which was like a small ring, and the earth, which was like Tellak {a horsehide carpet in the shape of an oblong quadrangle}, only it was larger. Later it increased significantly. According to the Yakuts, this world will stand for two more generations, 200 years, after which it will perish from fire. Only two children will remain - a boy and a girl, and the sky will again be like a ring, and the earth like Tellak. The world will be given to these children and will expand again, as it was before"]: Lindenau 1983: 44-45; Western Evenks (Kirensky) [two brothers lived in the upper world; the elder told the duck to dive to the bottom of Lake Baikal, to get sand; the younger put a leaf on the sea, and earth on it; the wind crumpled the leaf into folds, and mountains were formed]: Pinegina, Konenkin 1952: 49; Sym Evenks ; Orochon Evenks ; Western Evenks (Podkamenno-Tunguska, Baikitsky district, Chavida River, west. 1923) [Amaka made water and let birds go on it; to rush - earth was needed; ordered Gagara to get sand from the bottom to make land out of it; Gagara got it, but did not give it to A., she wanted to make land herself; A. ordered Gogol to dive, he brought grains of sand to A., he made land; he tore Gagara's paws from her belly, stuck them to her tail so that she could not live on land]: Osharov 1936b, No. 11: 279-280; Western Evenks(Podkamenno-Tunguska, Baikitsky district, Chavida river, west. 1923) [Amaka made water and let birds go on it; to lay eggs, they needed land; he told Gagara to get sand from the bottom to make land out of it; Gagara got it, but did not give it to A., she wanted to make land herself; A. told Gogol to dive, he brought grains of sand to A., he made land; he tore Gagara's paws from her belly, stuck them to her tail so that she could not live on land]: Osharov 1936b, no. 11: 279-280; Western Evenks (Kirensky) [two brothers lived in the upper world; the elder told the duck to dive to the bottom of Lake Baikal, get sand; the younger put a leaf on the sea, and land on it; the wind crumpled the leaf into folds, and mountains were formed]: Pinegina, Konenkin 1952: 49; Sym Evenks [in the beginning there was water and two brothers; the younger Eksheri made the loon dive and get some earth from the bottom; the loon couldn’t do it, so E. broke its legs for this (that’s why all loons walk poorly); E. sent Gogol, who dived and grabbed some earth from the bottom with his beak; for this Eksheri kissed him on the head (that’s why all gogols have white spots on their heads since then); E. put a piece of earth on the surface of the water; the earth began to grow, but was still so small that Eksheri couldn’t even rest on it; the older brother was angry with E .; when he was sleeping, he began to pull the earth out from under him, but the earth only stretched and became very large]: Vasilevich 1936: 4; 1959: 173; Baikal Evenks (northern Transbaikalia, 1951) [water all around; in the upper world, two brothers are discussing how to make land; the elder had a duck; the younger let it get sand from the bottom of Lake Baikal; the duck brought sand, the younger put a leaf on the water and earth {sand} on top; the wind blew, the leaf crumpled, mountains appeared; the younger made a dog and a man, covered the whole man with shell - he will be strong; put the man in one barn, the dog in another; went to make rivers, told the dog not to give the keys to the elder brother; he came, promised the dog a warm, colorful skin; she opened the barn; the elder brother tore off the shell from the man, leaving only the nails on his fingers; the younger brother returned, punished the dog, depriving him of the ability to speak]: Pinegina 2019: 70-71; Far Eastern Evenks (Chumikan from the Okhotsk coast) [ Seveki (the younger brother is called that) sent Avasy (his older brother) down to earth; ordered to bring earth for the creation of (middle) earth ( dunne ). Avasy went down, grabbed the earth (tukala) with his claws. Returning, he poured it out in front of Seveki . He created (our) earth (dunne) from what was poured out. Seveki built a box, told all Avasy to get into the box. Avasythey said they could get in. Seveki closed them and left a dog as a guard]: Vasilevich 1959: 173; Far Eastern Evenks (Aldan-Uchur) [When the top of the earth, like a plague, the top the size of an ear of a wild deer's head skin, was cutting through, the tree, being a tree, was just beginning to lignify; the middle earth Dulin Dunne was just beginning to blacken with its black earth, the mountain, like the erect tail of a squirrel, was beginning to rush upward, growing; the Yane River, like an ermine, began to gleam with its shiny white wool; on the surface of the middle earth Dulin Buga, in the middle of the sea, Nyungurmok, an orphan girl, appeared and grew. After that, the earth began to grow]: Varlamova et al. 2015: 12-14; Evenks of the Nerchi-Chita region [the creator's assistant was a frog; She carried the earth in her paws to the surface of the water, but the evil brother of the creator (according to later versions - a heavenly shaman) shot at her; she turned over, and since then began to support our earth in the middle of the water with her paws (MAE inventory No. 1879); shamans hung her image as a symbol of the earth on their costume; a legend about a fire was borrowed from their southern neighbors: the earth expanded, burned for a long time, rivers and lakes appeared on the burnt-out areas (Ilimpiysky, Ayansky, Transbaikal Evenks)]: Vasilevich 1969: 214-215; Evenks of the Nerchi-Chita region (horsemen) [In the beginning, there was one water. And there were Buga and Buninka (two brothers). Buga sent fire to the water, which partially destroyed it. Then the earth was formed. Buga created light and separated it from the darkness. Then he came down to earth and met Buninka, who began to claim the role of the creator of the earth. A fight ensued between them. Buninka spoiled the gusli, Buga's 12-string musical instrument. The angry Buga proposed a competition: they needed to grow a pine tree from the bottom of a lake. Anyone who couldn't do it had to admit defeat. By Buga's order, the pine tree immediately grew from the bottom of the lake and rose above the water. Buninka's pine tree couldn't stand and fell. But Buninka didn't want to admit defeat. And then, as punishment, Buga made his skull iron. It was hard for Buninka to carry a head of iron on his shoulders, and he asked to free him from this torment. In return, Buga demanded that they not interfere with him when he was making a man. To make a man, Buga took iron from the east, fire from the south, water from the west, and earth from the north. He transformed these elements into heart, warmth, blood, flesh, and bones, respectively. Thus, Buga created a man and a woman. When people began to multiply, Buninka demanded half for himself. Then Buga promised him vicious people after their death, and he took those who lived virtuously on earth for himself]: Spassky 1822: 54-55 (retold by E.S. Novik); Evenks of the Nerchi-Chita region (probably; zap. A.A. Makarenko, 1913, archive of the Russian Ethnographic Museum, REM 6-1-216) [Everything was the sea; Buga and Khyrga chased the beast. They lived in a boat and kept riding and riding. And when will the end come?, one asks the other. The other: We need landdunna to do. One left, wait for me, he says, for three years. He brought a mountain of gudynychan , took out the middle of a gurrykachan (deer) and threw it into the sea - and that's how the earth became. He threw it in the other direction - another one became. They came out onto the dunna land . The earth began to grow, grass, animals, birds appeared. A pike went for water, where it swam there, rivers and mountains were formed. The earth is supposedly held by three pikes. On the earth, three gods are visible with the eyes: Delacha the sun, gives light and warmth, Bega - the moon - gives light, Togi - fire - gives warmth and nourishment. The sun and the moon stand in the sky, they make day and night. In the underground world of the dead, Buni is the master of Khyrga . It is dark there, there is no dylach and bega. However, the dead live there the same life as people on earth. To see them is bad]: Davydov et al. 2016: 15; Evenks of China [there was only the creator Purkan {from Burkhan}; tired of loneliness, he created a kite and sent it to look for sand-clay; the kite returned with a small piece of clay-sand; P. flattened it, it stretched out and at first became the size of an umalan-rug, and then increased even more and became a vast land; but it is deserted; then P. makes it so that trees begin to grow on the earth, rivers, seas, birds and fish, wild and domestic animals appear]: Dyakonova 2018: 54-55; Evens ; Kamchatka Evens [the earth was - only stones; an eagle flies to the edge of the earth, brings sand in feathers above the kestrel, scattered it over the stones, the earth was formed, a forest grew on it, lichen, deer appeared; since then the Evens do not kill the eagle]: Chadayeva 1982: 60 in Shanshina 2000: 33-34 (in Chadayeva 1990: 123 slightly differently: the eagle is sent and the sand is scattered by the Creator); the Evenks of China [there was only the creator Purkan {from Burkhan}. Tired of loneliness, he created a kite and sent it to look for sand-clay. The kite returned with a small piece of clay-sand. P. flattened it, it stretched out and at first became the size of an umalan-rug; and then it increased even more and became a vast land. But it is deserted. Then P. makes it so that trees begin to grow on the earth, rivers, seas, birds and fish, wild and domestic animals appear]: Dyakonova 2018: 54-55.

Amur - Sakhalin. Nanai ; Ulchi ; Negidals ; Udege ; Nivkhs ; Manchus [The sky has 17 levels, the earth has 9 levels; the seventeen-level sky and nine-level earth are controlled by the heavenly spirit Abukaenduli; there was no earth, only water and sky; A. created a man and a woman in his own image, put them in a stone jug, put the jug in the water, and the jug began to float in it; the man and woman got married, gave birth to many people, generation after generation, and the jug also grew; when there were too many people in the jug, A. built another place for the people to live; he created a large land out of clay, placed it on the surface of the water, and ordered three fish to support it; he also sent a heavenly spirit to bring the fish food every few days; sometimes the little heavenly spirit was lazy and brought food at the wrong time; the fish, hungry, twitched their bodies, and the earth also shook, these were earthquakes; the number of people grew, they no longer fit on the earth; then A. cut down the largest and thickest tree in the sky, put it on the edge of the earth, and from then on humanity began to develop along the branches of this tree; that is why different peoples appeared in the world]: Chen, Wang 1989: 13–14; Orochi [the earth was just cooling down, covered with water; a family of eagles and a family of ravens fly over it; they find a rock, become like people, the eagles give birth to a son, the ravens - a daughter; the sea recedes, the earth grows; the water covering the earth was agitated, therefore the mountains are like waves]: Avrorin, Lebedeva 1966, no. 48: 194–195.

Japan. Ryukyu : Maruyama 2009: 32 (Miyako Islands) [by order of the Heavenly Lord, Koinutsu descended to the tiny island of Miyako, piled up rocks (making the island larger); took the heavenly goddess Koitama as his wife; they gave birth to the god Sotatsu and the goddess Kagyoku; from the earth emerged the god Mokusu (tree) and the goddess Sousou (grass), all of whom became the ancestors of the inhabitants of MiyakoOkinawaa show his footprints; rakon; ], 34 (Taketomi Island near the main island of Yaeyama) [the divine brothers Shinshimi and Masoba descended from the sky; Sh. found a rock, piled rocks and clay around it, creating Taketomi Island; M. created Mount Ishigaki, stayed to live on it; together the brothers created the large island of Ishigaki, then divided it into 8 parts]; Kojiki ; Ainu [at first there is only water, then an island grows]: Etter 1949: 21.

NE Asia. Forest Yukaghirs ; Russkoe Ustye ; Markovo ; Chukchi.

Arctic. St. Lawrence Island ; Central Yupik ; Nunivak ; Kodiak : Gideon 1994 [Kashshihilyuk began to blow into a straw, as a result of which the earth began to expand and come out of the water, then the sky opened, luminaries appeared, then animals and people]: 77-78; Lisyansky 1812(2) [A raven brings light into the world; at the same time a bubble falls from the sky, in it a man and a woman; they blow, the bubble grows; they stretch out their legs and arms, mountains appear; the man scratches his head over the mountains, hair falls, the mountains are covered with forest, animals live in them; the sea appears from the woman's urine; the man digs ditches and pits, the woman spits into them, lakes and rivers appear; the woman pulled out one tooth, the man made an axe out of it, began to cut wood; from the chips that fell into the water, fish appeared; from the fragrant cypress – pink salmon, from the red – coho salmon; their eldest son played with a stone, from the stone Kodiak arose; having put a man with a bitch on it, he pushed the island to its present location, later people bred there]: 77 (=Lisiansky 1814: 197-198 in Lantis 1938, no. 1: 131, in Oswalt 1967: 212); Inupiat (of Northern Alaska?): Ostermann 1952: 184 [people crowd on an islet; Raven harpoons a huge sea monster, land emerges from it; it is chopped into pieces, thrown into the sea; they turn into islands, then merge into the mainland], 224-225; Spencer 1959 [ Tulungishiraq (Raven) lives with his parents on a tiny islet; there is a bubble hanging in the house; T. asks for it to play with, breaks it, it becomes light; the father wants it to be night, but does not let him break it completely; T. is sailing in a kayak, sees land; it rises above the water, then dives; he harpoons it; the earth becomes earth, grows]: 384-385.

Subarctic. Koyukon ; upper Kuskokwim ; Kuchin [people crowded together on islet; land floating in ocean, occasionally showing on horizon; Raven throws harpoon at it; continent appears]: McKennan 1965: 90; Kuchin ; Han ; upper Tanana ; Southern Tutchone ; Tagish , Interior Tlingit ; Kaska ; Beaver ; Hea ; Dogrib , Slevi ; Chipewyan ; Yellowknife.

NW Coast. Eyak ; Tlingit ; Haida (Masset, Skydegate); Bellacula ; Kwakiutl ; Kwakiutl [people know there will be a flood; some hid underground, some climbed into boats; after the flood everything was washed away, there was no soil; those who came out of the ground reported that there was a lot of earth there; the chief told them to carry it in baskets, they built a village on this land]: Wallace, Whitaker 1981: 37-40.

Coast - Plateau. Quarry ; Thompson (Nicola Valley); Puget Sound ; Upper Chehalis ; Okanagon [The chief above created the earth; it was small; he rolled it (like a lump of clay) until it became enormous; through the sky, earth, and nether world runs a connecting pole or tree through the center]: Teit 1917c, no. 3: 84; Shuswap [some believe the earth continues to grow and will someday die]: Teit 1909a: 595;; Tututni (Joshua); Kus ; Molala ; Modoc.

Midwest. Menominee : Skinner, Satterlee 1915, #6 [all the birds and Thunders come down to play ball against fish, snakes, otters, land animals, white underground Bears; Myanyaboosh watches the game, kills three underground gods with arrows; they fall into Lake Michigan; the water rises, pursues Myanyaboosh ; he climbs to the top of a pine tree on a mountain; tells Beaver and Muskrat to get earth from the bottom; both float up dead; Myanyaboosh finds some mud on Muskrat's paws, makes an island out of it; the waters recede], II1 [there was only water; the god sends an old woman down from the sky, places some earth under her in the center of the sea; she makes the land big]: 255-260, 305; Western Ojibwa : Barnouw 1977 (Chippewa) [see motive M60; Wenebozho kills the chiefs of the underwater serpents; the water pursues V., he climbs a tree on the mountain], No. 1 [asks Otter to dive, then Beaver; both surface dead, V. revives them; Beaver says he saw land; Muskrat brings earth in his mouth and on his paws; V. throws earth on the water, it grows; sends Caribou to find out if it is big; Caribou returns - small; V. throws more earth; this time Caribou does not return], 3 [as in (1); Loon dives first unsuccessfully, then Otter; Muskrat surfaces dead with earth in his paws; V. revives it; V. sends birds to fly around the earth, making it bigger; the big bird returns, V. says it is not enough; Eagle returns; It is enough ]: 38-41, 64-69; Coleman et al 1971 (Minnesota, Font du Lac, 1958) [Nanabozho was hunting with a wolf and his two sons; it was freezing at night, the wolves covered him with their tails, it was too hot then; he stayed with one of the young wolves, saw in a dream that he fell into the river while pursuing game; the wolf disappeared; a kingfisher said that there was someone near the shore, advised to shoot not at the underwater puma itself, but at its shadow; N. pretended to be a stump, the animals could not recognize him; shot at the puma's shadow, ran; a frog-shaman goes to heal the puma; N. killed it, put on its skin, came to the wounded man, thrust the arrow deeper, killing him, took away the wolf's skin; rain poured down, the animals gathered on N.'s raft; a loon dived, emerged half-dead, N. revived it; red-necked grebe, beaver – ditto; a muskrat brought sand in its paws; N. blew on it, placed it on the water, and land appeared; N. sent a hawk, which returned black after 10 days; N. sent the muskrat again for sand, blew, sent the hawk again, and the land became quite large]: 70-72; Josselin de Jong 1913, No. 9: 12-16; Prairie Ojibwa(Bungi, Lake Winnipeg): Simms 1906: 337 [at first all water, only a few geese fly in occasionally; Weese-ke-jak asks where they are from, they say from the south, where there is land; he asks for some earth, makes dry land out of it], 340 [Creator causes a flood, saves animals in a boat; tells them to dive for earth; Otter drowns; Muskrat brings earth, but immediately dives back; Creator grabs its tail, it becomes long and naked; Beaver dives, brings earth, is rewarded with a beautiful pelt and strong teeth]; Eastern Swamp Cree (Albany) [Wicágatcak catches beaver, it scratches his rear end, W. breaks beaver dam, water floods the world; W. makes a raft; Muskrat is sent to get earth from the bottom, drowns; Raven(a) – to bring earth from afar, returns with an empty beak; Wesukechak has some moss; he tells Wolf to take it in his mouth, run around the raft; the earth appears and grows; Wolf runs so far that he never returns; since the earth was created on top of the waters, springs gush out of the earth; there are no trees, Wesukechak digs a deep hole, hoping to find his raft and get a log for Beaver, but does not find a raft; tells Beaver to eat grass roots temporarily; further see motif M53, "game dances around the hunter"]: Skinner 1911: 83; Western Swamp Cree (northern Manitoba) [Wesukechak and his brother Wolf live together; Wolf hunts successfully; the animals ask the Sea Lion to eliminate the hunter; Wesukechak warns them not to go near the water, not to jump over the stream; Wolf drives a deer into the water, the Sea Lions kill it; V. mends the Kingfisher's broken beak and gives him a white necklace; in return he tells him that on the island Sea Lions play with the Wolf's tail; V. crosses to the island on a raft, turns into a stump; Sea Lions come ashore to sleep; V. hits them with a spear; a flood begins, the animals climb onto V.'s raft; Muskrat and Beaver dive, do not reach the bottom, Otter dives, barely alive, V. pulls her out by the rope, there is a little clay on her paw; V. rolls it into a ball, blows, throws it, dry land appears; V. sends Wolverine to find out how big the earth is, he returns after 20 days; V. blows again, the earth expands, Wolverine runs away and does not return; since then he has been wandering forever; snakes made river beds, the wolf pressed through the lake basins with his paws, nudged the earth with his nose, mountains arose; V. commanded vegetation to appear]: Clay 1978: 14-23; Eastern Cree [world covered with water, animals dive to get earth from the bottom; Muskrat brings clay on his tail, but not enough and the clay sinks; Otter fails, Beaver brings enough to form an island; it grows]: Swindlehurst 1905, no. 1: 139; Northern Ojibwa (Sandy Lake) [ O-ma-ma-ma , Mother Earth, gives birth to Wisakajak'a , Wolf, and other world spirits; V. knows that the water monster Mishipizhivand his two sons will kill the Wolf; the Kingfisher tells of the death of the Wolf, V. paints his throat red; hides on the beach, shoots the monsters; the Frog goes to heal them; V. kills her, puts on her skin, cuts M.'s heart, runs away; the flood begins; V. ties ropes to the Beaver, the Otter, the Muskrat; the animals dive one after another, float up dead; there is clay on the Muskrat's paws; V. revives the animals, creates dry land; sends Wolverine to see if it is big; the third time Wolverine does not return, the land is ready; V. puts clay on the turtle's back, first makes blacks, then whites, then Indians; the animals get their habits; the Raven climbs out of turn, for this he eats carrion; the Dog wins the running competition, for this he lives with a man; dogs gave up the power of speech so that they would not be sent with messages]: Ray, Stevens 1971: 20-26; Northern Saulteaux [see motif M60; Wesekajak kills underwater Puma; other Pumas cause a flood; Wesekajak and animals escape on a raft; animals dive to get earth from the bottom; Beaver, Otter, Muskrat surface dead; on Muskrat's feet Wesekajak finds clay, makes earth; sends Crow to find out if it is big; it returns twice; first time the earth is small, then it grows; Wesekajak sends Wolf; it does not return, the earth is big]: Skinner 1911: 173-175; Eastern Ojibwa(timagami) [a girl sees the Sun in a dream, now she can’t look at it, goes to live with the Sun; after 4 days, four boys are found in a wooden bowl left at home, one with horns, their grandfather sends them to the 4 cardinal directions; these are the 4 winds; the sung one is Nenebuc; he went to punish the west wind, which blows too strongly, which is why there is little food; he broke one of its horns with a club; killed three geese, told his anus to guard; it gives a signal, N. gets angry, tells him to shut up; people stole the meat; to punish the anus, N. sits on the fire; finds and eats burnt pieces of his flesh, thinking that it is animal meat; defecates on partridge chicks, since then they are not white, but brown; sleeps at the edge of a cliff, the partridges throw him down; the burnt pieces of his flesh became lichens; kills a bear; two trees creak, N. puts his hand between them, gets stuck; all the animals came to eat bear meat; only the rabbit did not eat, remained skinny; N. became an ant, climbed into the bear's skull; became a man again, cannot pull out his head; bumping into trees, asks what kind they are; so he reaches the river, swims, people think that a bear is swimming; N. fell on a rock, the bear's skull broke; N. wounds the queen of the Giant Lynxes with an arrow; Toad goes to treat her; N. kills Toad, puts on her skin, plunges his arrow deeper into the Lynx's body, killing her; The lynxes send a flood; N. tells the Beaver to get earth, he does not dive to the bottom; Muskrat floats up dead with earth in his paws; N. makes earth; sends a white Raven to find out how big it is; he eats dead fish, turns black; Seagull eats little, wing tips turn black; Owl eats fresh fish, does not return]: Speck 1915d, no. 1: 28-38; Western Ojibwa : Blackwood 1929, no. 2 [grandmother confesses to Manabazoo that his parents were killed by a serpent living on an island; the water around is covered with tar; M. greases the boat, swims to the beach, pretends to be a tree stump; the serpent sends a smaller serpent, a bear, to squeeze, wound the stump, but M. does not move; shoots the sleeping serpent with arrows, returns home; the old woman goes to treat the wounded, M. peels off the skin, puts it on himself; thrusts the point deeper, the serpent dies; rain floods the land, M. and the animals escape on a raft; Beaver, Loon, Otter, Muskrat dive in succession, emerge dead, M. revives them, finds some earth in Muskrat's paw; M. sends Muskrat a second time, it brings more; M. creates dry land, blows on it, it expands, valleys and mountains appear; blows gently - flowers, strongly - a snowstorm; sends the Wolf to find out if the earth is large, he returns after 10 days, half a year, does not return the third time; sends Eagle, Hawk, Dove, Raven to the east, west, south, north; as far as they fly, so much the earth will spread; creates trees, rivers, lakes, a man and a woman; goes to the east, now looks at us]: 323-328; Josselin de Jong 1913, No. 9 [Wolves give Nenabozhoyoung Wolf as a nephew; N. tells him not to jump over the stream; he jumps, ends up in the river; Kingfisher tells N. that he was eaten by water Snakes, advises what to do; N. turns into a stump; when Snakes crawl out onto the shore to warm themselves, wounds the one who killed his nephew; Frog goes to treat the wounded; N. questions her, kills her, puts on her skin; kills the Snake, but does not treat him; runs away, taking the Wolf's skin; water gushes after him; N. saves himself on a raft, revives the Wolf; Beaver, Otter, Loon do not reach the bottom, Muskrat brings earth in his paws; N. throws earth onto the water, it grows; sends the Wolf to see if it is big; the first time he returns; the second dies before he runs around the land; it is big]: 12-16; Radin, Reagan 1928, #3 (western Ontario) [while Wissekedjak is hunting, his younger brother M. disappears; V. gives Crane a white stripe for his neck; in return, Crane tells how the minito Sea Lions killed M. and hung his skin in their doorway; V. turns into a stump on the shore where the minitos come out to warm themselves, shoots at the shadow of a black minito , wounding it; the water rushes after V., he makes a boat; then as in (2); Fox instead of Mink; then the episode with the Medicine Frog; V. runs away, carrying M.'s skin and the body of the killed minito ; hides in a woodchuck hole], 4 (Minnesota) [Manabozho wounded Puma, who decided to take revenge; Puma's spilled blood flooded the land; M. managed to make a raft; sends Otter to dive, it surfaces dead after 4 days, M. revives it; ditto Beaver, surfaces after many days; then Muskrat, surfaces after almost a month, finds particles of earth on M.'s muzzle and under his claws on his paw; blows on them, they grow into islands, merge into dry land; M. sends Raven, Falcon, Eagle to find out if the dry land is large; Raven returns after seven days, Falcon after a year, Eagle does not return; then the dry land is large], 5 (Minnesota) [M. lives with his grandmother; Sea Lion lives on an island surrounded by resin; M. covers his boat with fat, floats on the resin; during the battle, Blue Jay advises M. to shoot at the enemy's little toe, M. kills Sea Lion; takes young Wolf as a comrade, warns him not to jump over streams; Wolf pursues moose, jumps over stream, it turns into a torrent, carries him away; then as in (3), Wolf instead of M., Kingfisher instead of Crane, minito - Snake; water rises, but falls; episode with Frog and killing of minito ; Beaver, Otter, Loon, Muskrat dive; Raven, Dove are sent to find out how much land there is; Raven returns in four days, Dove does not return; now M. lives in the east]: 63-67, 67-70, 70-76; Eastern Ojibwa: Radin 1914, No. 9 [Nenebojo colors the feathers of the Kingfisher; for this he reports that the water Pumas killed N.'s brother; N. turns into a rotten stump; beats the Pumas who came out of the water to lie on the beach; the water pursues N.; he climbs a tree, makes a raft; Otter, Beaver emerge without bringing sand; Muskrat brings it in his paws and mouth; N. creates dry land; sends Raven, who does not return; Hawk, who reports that Raven pecks corpses; for this N. tells him to eat only stolen food; sends Caribou; who reports that the land is not big enough; N. blows sand from his horn onto the water again; tells the Ducks to dance with their eyes closed; see motif M53], 10 [Nenebojo and the Fox lived together; N. warns the Fox not to hunt near the shore of the lake; The Fox disappeared; N. found tracks, water creatures dragged the Fox away; N. pretended to be a stump on the shore; when the water creatures came ashore and fell asleep, N. shot them, but one wounded man disappeared into the water; the Frog shaman cries, says that N. wounded the water spirit; N. kills her, puts on her skin, comes under the guise of a Frog to treat the wounded man; asks everyone to come out, does not take out the arrow, but kills the wounded man with it; runs away, the water follows him; he makes a raft on the mountain; tells the Otter to dive, she floats up half-dead; then the Muskrat, N. finds grains of earth on her paws; blows on them, they form dry land; N. makes mountains, valleys, lakes, rivers with his staff]: 19-21, 22-23; Eastern Ojibwa (southeastern Ontario) [Manabozho wounds Minito Lion, Old Woman Frog goes to treat him; not recognizing M., tells him that the Minito are going to catch M.; M. kills her, puts on her skin, comes to the Minito , drives the arrow deeper into the wounded man's body, killing him; water rushes after M., he climbs a tree, makes a raft; tells Beaver, Otter, Muskrat to dive; they emerge one after another unconscious; M. finds grains of earth between Muskrat's toes, makes dry land; sends Mink to find out how big it is; the first time he returns, the second time he does not return, therefore the land is big]: Radin, Reagan 1928, No. 2: 62; Ottawa : Chamberlain 1891 [girl lives with grandmother; gives birth to two sons; the younger is a flint, kills her, coming out through her side; the elder Na-nav-bo-zhu with his dog (this is a wolf) chases him, breaking off pieces (the origin of flints); where he kills, a rock appears; the "god of the deep" kills the Wolf out of jealousy, water monsters gather for a festival; N. pretends to be a stump, they pull him, they can not move him, they believe that he is a stump; he kills the "god of the deep"; the flood begins; the Beaver dives, floats up dead; the Muskrat - also, but on his paws is earth; N. sends the Raven to fly, the earth dries up]: 204-205; Charencey 1884 [The Great Hare sends the Beaver to dive; he drowns; the Otter dives to the bottom, brings earth; the Hare creates dry land] in Danhardt 1907: 82; Algonquinactually {it is impossible to say exactly to which Algonquins the message refers, but it is about the lower reaches of the St. Lawrence River} [one day Messou or Otkon was hunting; his dogs got into a lake, which overflowed its banks and flooded the whole land; with the help of animals M. or O. got a little earth {from the bottom} and restored the land]: Hennepin 1903: 451; Sauk , Fox [ Visakyah and Kshyapatya are the sons of the supreme deity; Snakes kill K.; the spirit of the murdered man comes to his brother; he does not let him go, orders him to go west; the dead will begin to go to him; a little bird tells V. that two manitou - killers are underground; V. paints the feathers under its eyes red; wounds the Snakes with arrows; Toad goes to heal them; V. persuades Toad to return; comes himself in the guise of a Toad-healer, finishes off the wounded; other Snakes first cause a world fire, then a flood; V. saves himself in a boat or on the top of a pine tree; sends a Dove to bring a branch, tells the Muskrat to dive, get earth from the bottom; both perform the tasks, but fall or float up dead; V. revives them; puts a branch with clay on the water, creates the earth]: Andree 1871: 231 in Dahnhardt 1907 [without details; V. tells a big fish to bring clay from the bottom, creates the earth]; Jones 1901: 226-235; 1907, No. 17 [without the episodes of the sent Toad and the world fire ; the mother of the brothers is the Earth ( Mother-of-All-Earth )]: 337-379; Kickapoo [ Whisaka confronts the evil horned underground pumas; they try to freeze him; two birds come one after another to warn him, but he continues to sleep in his house; a third comes to peck out his eyes, he drives it away; she tells the pumas that they cannot kill W.; they surround W. with water; he makes a boat, tells Turtle to dive to the bottom; when she surfaces, he scrapes the mud from her legs and belly; Dove brings branches; W. makes a ball of branches and mud, places it on the water, creates dry land; the horned pumas remain hidden underground; the Thunders help to keep them there; when the world ends, the horned pumas will come out and devour everyone]: Latorre, Latorre 1976: 261-262; potauatomi : Pokagon 1986 [Nenaw-bo-zhoo's hunting dog was a huge black wolf; the water deities lured him to the water by sending a deer, killed him and ate him; Fox told N. about this; when the water inhabitants fell asleep on the beach, N. pierced Neben Manito with an arrow; the water gushed out, flooded the land, N. found himself in a boat with birds and animals; sent Beaver, who did not reach the bottom, floated up dead, N. revived him; the same with Muskrat, but N. found some earth on her paw; N. rolled it into a ball, tied it to Raven's neck, told him to fly over the waters; as Raven flew, the earth dried up]: 242-243; Skinner 1924 [ Visakyaswims in a boat; Muskrat suggests diving, brings earth from the bottom first in his paws, then in his mouth; White Muskrat, Beaver then also bring; V. makes a column of earth from the bottom to the surface, creates dry land; marks out rivers, Muskrat digs them up]: 332-333; prairie Cree [see motive K27, motive L5; two brothers escape from their mother's head pursuing them; Vaymesosiv takes the eldest named Vesakaichak into his boat, leaves the younger one; he turns into a Wolf; his brother finds him; tells him not to go near the shore; he comes; Kingfisher tells Vesakaichak that the Water Pumas have killed the Wolf; Vesakaichak paints him beautifully; turns into a log on the shore, kills the Pumas that came out of the water; the wounded throw themselves into the water; Toad goes to treat them; he kills Toad, puts on his skin, finishes off the wounded; the remaining Pumas cause a flood; Otter, Beaver, Muskrat dive, emerge dead, he revives them; finds a leaf of a tree under the claw of Muskrat; he dives again, brings clay from the bottom on his paw; Wesakaichak places it on the water, makes the earth grow; twice sends Wolf to find out if it is big; Wolf returns; sends Crow, it does not return; the earth is big]: Ahenakew 1929: 320-327; Prairie Cree : Bloomfield 1930, no. 1 [see B3A; Wisakechak'a 's younger brother changes into a wolf; Water Pumas and Snakes eat Wolf; W. wounds Fish Chief; Frog goes to heal him; W. learns from her about her usual behavior, kills her, takes her form; [ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [ ... Muskrat brings earth from the bottom, floats up dead; V. revives it, blows on the earth, it grows; Deer, other animals run around; Wolf is sent fourth; goes so far north that he becomes too old to return; the earth is large; V. sends his nephew to the Sun], 1(9) [the flood begins; Wisukedjak asks Beaver and Muskrat to dive; after many attempts Muskrat brings sand from the bottom; V. creates dry land]: 341-346, 350; Plains Ojibwa: Howard 1965 [underwater pumas resemble pumas, but are covered with scales and have bison horns on their heads; they are masters of all water creatures, and also of snakes; they are always fighting with the Thunders, being defeated, but returning to fight; they killed the Wolf, Nanapus's younger brother, who killed several of them; they caused a flood, N. revived the earth from a piece of silt brought from the bottom by a diving animal; then the pumas made peace with N. and taught him the midewiwin ceremony]: 4-5; Skinner 1919, #6-8 [ Nyanibozhu lives with the wolves; leaves, taking the youngest as a companion; does not allow him to go near the water; Wolf jumps over a stream, it becomes wide, the Horned Serpents drag him under the water; N. finds his trail, turns into a stump on the bank; wounds three of the largest snakes with arrows; the old woman-Frog goes to heal them; N. recognizes her song, kills, puts on her skin; cries, seeing the hanging skin of the Wolf; kills the snakes, driving the arrows deeper into their wounds; grabbing the Wolf's skin, runs, water after him; he tries to hide in Woodchuck's hole, who throws earth in his eyes; N. climbs a pine tree, it grows; he defecates, shit floats up in front of his nose; he asks Otter, Beaver, Loon, Muskrat to get earth; each floats up dead, he revives them; there is mud left on Muskrat's paws; N. sends her three more times; scatters the mud, creates dry land; revives the Wolf, sends him to find out how big the earth is; the Wolf returns, having reached middle age; the next time - an old man; N. is pleased, turns the Wolf into a wolf]: 283-288.

North-East. Montagnier : Greer 2000 (Paul Le Jeune 1634) [ Messou has lynxes as hunting dogs; they fall into a lake and stay there; a bird tells him about it; he goes to bring them back, but the water from the lake floods everything; M. sends Raven to look for land, but he doesn’t find it; he tells Otter to dive, but she doesn’t get any land; Muskrat brings land from the bottom, M. creates dry land]: 29; Savard 1979, no. 7 [see motif M53; Messou takes Wolf as a companion; he says that he dreamed that he couldn’t chase caribou by swimming across the lake; M. insists that Wolf swim; Wolf disappears; Bird says that during the day the lake stones lift Wolf up to the island and at night they pull him back; M. rewards Bird with fish; hides in a hollow tree on the island; when the stones are covered with water, hits them with a spear, runs away with the Wolf; the Frog goes to treat the wounded stones; M. asks her what she is doing, kills her, pulls her skin tight; whistles, pours cold water on the stones, the stones do not recover, but die; M. meets women, they answer that they are sewing bags for the bodies of the stones killed by M.; he kills them themselves, gives them to the daughters; they find the bodies of their mothers inside; insertion of motive L33, racing with the Boulder; further: the stones began to pursue M., water flooded the island, the animals gathered on a raft; M. orders to dive, Sea Otter (loup-marin), Eagle (huard) do not dive; two Minks (muskrats? - visons) dive, one brings earth in its mouth, M. blows into its anus, the earth falls out, becomes large; The eagle flew from one end of the earth to the other; the second time he did not reach the edge - the earth became large]: 28-32; Naskapi [during the flood, Wolverine sits on the last rocks remaining above the water; asks Otter to dive, he brings grass and fish; Beaver - does not dive; Muskrat - brings a mouth full of earth; Wolverine blew in her rear - earth flew out of her mouth, dry land was formed]: Millman 1993: 22-23; Huron ; Oneida ; Seneca ; Mohawk ; Onondaga; Tuscarora ; Laurentian Iroquois [a woman descended from the sky and hung in the air, because there was nowhere to descend; the inhabitants of the sea began to consult who could support her; a turtle volunteered to do this and offered his back; the mud on the water thickened around and formed America; a spirit descended to her sleeping and fertilized her; two sons came out of her side; they did not agree with each other in anything; one grew up to be a great hunter; one was evil, the other good; the good one ascended to heaven and sometimes thunders over the head of his unfortunate brother; the spirit after a while descended to the woman once more; after this she bore a daughter, from whom the people who inhabit America are descended]: Hennipin 1903: 451-452; Delawares: Bierhorst 1995, no. 9 [collected in the 18th century; the survivors of the flood gathered on the back of the Turtle; they asked the Loon to get earth; he did not dive to the bottom, flew away, returned with earth in his beak; he showed the Turtle where to swim; the people landed on the ground], 30 [there was a sun-like object in the sky, it was called a corn stalk; there was a woman with a child, she fell ill; she thought she could be cured by tearing out the stalk; everything plunged into darkness; the people threw her and her child into the hole that formed where the stalk grew; the Hawks picked her up, placed her on the back of the Turtle; the Loon dived, brought earth from the bottom], 44 [a husband in the sky is jealous of his wife for the Comet; he throws her into a hole in the place of the uprooted heavenly tree; A woman falls and grabs a blackberry bush, Comet gives her corn seeds, a pot, a beaver bone, a mortar and pestle; Pike offers to be her support, but the Manitou only laugh at him; Turtle becomes the support; a woman gives birth to a daughter; she becomes pregnant by the wind, gives birth to twins, they are Flint and Moskim ("hare", "rabbit"); Flint comes out through the mother's navel, killing her; the grandmother buries her daughter with her head to the west, marking the path that the souls of the dead must take], 65 [The Great Spirit created the world, then flooded it (some Munsee say it was Nanapush, but others claim Ojibwa influence); the Great Spirit sent different animals to dive; Muskrat brought earth from the bottom, placed it on Turtle's back, the earth grew], 77 [the earth rests on a huge Turtle; when there was only water everywhere, Muskrat began to create the earth, placing it on Turtle's back; then the Beavers added land], 187 [zap. 1977; the turtle is the "mother of the earth", for at first she brought from the bottom the silt from which the Creator made the earth]: 30, 34-35, 38, 44, 46, 71-72; Hitakonanu'laxk 1994 [(looks like a summary of different versions); The Toad was the mistress of the water; the Toad's battle with the Horned Serpent leads to the flood; Nanapush picks up animals, first climbs a tree, then floats on a raft; Loon, Otter, Beaver float up dead, N. revives them; Muskrat brings silt in his mouth and on his paws; N. places it on the back of the Turtle, the earth grows; N. sends the Wolf to find out how big the earth is; he returns after longer and longer intervals, finally disappears altogether; the first man was born from the roots of a tree, the first woman from the top of the tree as it bent toward the ground]: 49-51; Dorson 1959 [Dutchman Jasper Danckaerts asked an 80-year-old Indian on Long Island where his people came from; he drew a circle with four legs, a head, and a tail on the ground with a piece of charcoal; explained that at first there was only water; a turtle slowly floated to the surface, the water receded, and dry land was formed; then the Indian stuck a straw into the circle; a tree grew in the middle of the earth, and from its top a man; the tree bent its top toward the ground, put out a second root, and from there a woman grew; from them people come]: 19.

Plains. Sarcee ; Blackfoot ; Assiniboine ; Gros Ventre ; Arapaho ; Crow ; Santee (Wahpeton); Teton (Brule); Dakota (Sioux, group unspecified); Mandan ; Hidatsa ; Ioway ; Cheyenne ; Quapaw ; Arikara ; Skidi Pawnee.

Southeastern U.S.A. Shawnee : Trowbridge 1939 [after the flood, the Great Spirit tells the Shrimp to dive; it brings up some clay from the bottom; the Great Spirit makes land]: 60; Voegelin 1936 [1) Eastern Shawnee: Our Grandmother's grandson pierces the belly of the Big Man with a knife; water flows out, floods the land; the grandson and Grandmother escape in a tree; Grandmother sends the Shrimp, who brings up silt from the bottom; Grandmother makes new land; sends the Vulture to fly and dry the land with the flapping of his wings; 2) Absinthe Shawnee: ditto, but the grandson disobeys Grandmother's prohibition to go west; pierces the belly of the Monster Fish; Grandmother and grandson escape in a boat]: 9-10; Yuchi ; Yuchi [The Lobster dives, makes a hill on the bottom, the top of which appears above the water; The vulture dries up the land and spreads it out]: Swanton 1929, No. 90: 84; Cherokee ; Chitimacha ; Tuskegee ; Alabama , Koasati ; Choctaw [people save themselves in a boat; send a crow and a dove; the crow flies south, east, west; from the north brings a magnolia leaf, it turns into an island]: Bushnell 1910, No. 4: 528-529.

California. Wiyot ; Yuki ; Pomo ; Wintu ; Wintu : Curtin 1898 [after the flood, the creator tells Mole and Opossum to bring soil from the west; pours it down through a net stretched over the earth]: 27-28; Kroeber 1906d [at first the world was much smaller than now, Old Man Coyote stretched the earth]: 324; Patwin; Achomawi ; Atsugewi ; Maidu ; Mountain Miwok ; Coast Miwok ; Chukchansi Yokuts; Yokuts ; Salinan ; Monache ; Tyubatulabal ; Kawaiisu ; Luiseño [Sky man and Earth woman create a small piece of earth; then make it large]: DuBois 1908: 143.

Great Basin. Northern Paiute [at first water everywhere; the first to appear above water was Mount Grant; a fire on the summit, the water engulfing it, a sage-hen (Centrocercus urophasianus) had built a nest there, drove the water away with her wings; the feathers on her breast were scorched and remained black; a rabbit ("he is like a god") later helped to get fire from the mountain; Our Father came from the south, then Our Mother; they had two sons and two daughters, the children married, the couples quarreled, some became the ancestors of the Walker Lake Paiutes, others the Bannock; Our Father and Our Mother went to heaven]: Mooney 1896: 1050-1051; Northern Paiute (Owens-Wheley); Southern Paiute (Moapa) [an old woman lives with her son and daughter on a small dry patch in the sea; land grows after the old woman scatters the earth]: Lowie 1924, no. 1: 157; Mono (Owens Valley); Bannock ; Eastern Shoshone ; Chemehuevi ; Southern Paiute (Moapa); Southern Ute ; Walapai [mountain in the primordial ocean]: Kroeber 1935: 245-246.

Great Southwest. Yuma ; Seri ; Mohave : Kroeber 1948-1972, no. 9 [to wash away the ashes and bones after the burning of the first dead, Matambo created wind and hail, but this was not enough; then he thrust his staff into the ground, took it out, water gushed out; he directed it to the south, sailed in a boat, deviated right and left, which is why the Colorado River has different widths; holding people in his arms, M. walks on the water, an island remains, everyone huddles on it; M. stepped in four directions, the earth grew; when he made holes in it with a stick, a flood gushed out of the hole; M. dried it out, two ants scraped, helped the waters to recede, they still build nests on sticks on the water], 16F [like d (7); also flood, sea]: 8-9, 88-89; Maricopa ; Cocopah ; Papago ; Zuñi ; Navajo : Klah 1960 [an island in the fourth (=our) world from the bottom]: 5-6; Matthews 1994 [at first the earth is small, so the sun is low above it, the heat is unbearable; people began to ask the four winds to move the mountains apart; for four days the earth expanded, and the path of the sun across the sky lay ever higher; after that it became as it is now]: 223; O'Bryan 1956 [a floating island in the lower world; four deities drive the water away]: 2; Western Apache : Curtis 1907-1930(1): 23-35 in Edmonds, Clark 1989 [Creator wipes sweat from face with hands, rubs hands, shakes, creates Parentless Girl, then Sun, Boy, Tarantula, Wind, Big Dipper, Lightning Thrower; he and first three created mix their sweat, create brown ball the size of bean; Wind inflates it, it becomes earth; Tarantula ties to it from east, south, west, north black, blue, yellow, white ropes; Creator sends Hummingbird, who reports that earth is good; Creator sets up black, blue, yellow, white support poles on four sides, establishing earth on them; sends Dove; after four days it returns, reports there will be a flood; after the flood mountains and rivers appear; Creator lights fire, rises to heaven on column of smoke]: 101-104; Goddard 1918 (San Carlos): 7 [Black Whirlwind rubs chest with hand, makes earth from sloughed skin scales], 27 [as in (7); creator is the Sun]; Hopi [mound among waters]: Cushing 1923, no. 8: 166; Wallis 1936, no. 1: 8; Western Keres (Laguna) [first water everywhere, then earth rose; waters subsided, Nautsit ^y 'i and Itctsit ^y 'i appeared]: Boas 1928a: 9, 228; Western Keres (Acoma) [god throws clots of his own blood into space]: Stirling 1942: 3; Mojave ; mojave[to wash away the ashes and bones after the burning of the first dead, Matambo created wind and hail, but this was not enough; then he thrust a staff into the ground, took it out, water gushed out; he directed it to the south, sailed in a boat, deviated right and left, which is why the Colorado River has different widths; holding people in his arms, M. walks on the water, an island remains, everyone huddles on it; M. stepped in four directions, the earth grew; when he made holes in it with a stick, a flood gushed out of the hole; M. dried it out, two ants scraped, helped the waters to recede, they still build nests on sticks on the water], 16F [like #7; also flood, sea]: Kroeber 1972, #9: 8-9; yuma [the ancestor stirs the water in the dark with his index finger; [an island appears in the primary ocean]: Harrington 1908: 328, 332; Pima or Papago: Neff 1912 [creator throws up ball, it hangs in space, turns into earth]: 51; Underhill 1946 [at first it is dark; Earth Creator (EC) and Yellow Vulture (YV) meet four times in the void, each urges the other to create a world; EC took something from his heart or rolled dirt from his skin, put it on his palm, from it grew a green branch, greasewood; a louse on a plant produced resin and from it EC created the earth; he sang, pounded it, it became flat; he placed mountains on the earth, bird fluff (clouds) and shamans on the mountain tops; when the earth spread out, shamans and mountains spread everywhere; the earth expanded to the dome of Heaven; I'itoi jumped out, said that he was the son of Heaven and Earth; he is small, bearded, gray or blond; from the northwest, Coyote came out from under a bush; the earth was shaking, Coyote, I. and J.S. unsuccessfully fumbled to fix it; two Spiders did this, connecting the sky and the earth with a web; all the mountains were tilted to the west, all the rivers flowed there; J.S. flew by, flapping his wings, gave the mountains a variety of shapes, the rivers flowed in different directions; NW splashed water to the north, west, south, east, the moon and the sun arose; spat out the stars like saliva; created people from his body, they began to fight; he and I. sent a flood; for this I. created Handsome Man, he made all the girls pregnant, the next morning each gave birth; the sorcerer made Handsome Man himself give birth; he abandoned the child, he began to cry, his tears flooded the earth with a flood; NW was saved on a magic wand, I. in a large vessel, Coyote in a reed, JS pierced the sky; some people became birds, clung to the sky with their beaks; others became trees, put down roots; others with a dog climbed to the top of a mountain, turned into stones there; traces of foam on the water are visible on them; NW and I. agreed that whoever emerged first after the flood would be the oldest; NW first, then I., Coyote last; but I. achieved that he was considered the oldest; all three began to mold new people; those made by Coyote are formless, thrown over the sea; those made by NW are also formless, and I.'s people are real; NW and I. began to argue; NW tried to pull the sky down, then fell through the earth, spreading diseases; I.'s people became Pima, Papago, Apache, Maricopa; I. made the Papago his people, taught them culture (bow and arrow, housekeeping, drinking ceremony); I. retired to a cave; people, especially the Maricopa, kicked a defenseless rattlesnake; I. gave it poison; it bit a Maricopa, who died; he was burned (since then the Maricopa cremate their dead); Coyote stole the heart from the funeral pyre; a hole in the ground opened, water or wind came out of it; it closed when two boys and two girls were thrown into it; this is how the Santa Rosa ceremonies arose; a cannibal stole children, she was suffocated with smoke in a cave; I. killed a man-eating eagle, the feathers were for witchcraft; the monster sucked everyone into itself; I. let himself be sucked in, killed the monster, freed those swallowed; I. grew old, began to attack girls during the ceremony of their reaching maturity; people killed him three times; on the advice of the Sun, JS managed to kill I.from an iron bow (gun); after 4 years I. was reborn, went to the west; I. created deer, the evil shaman drove them into a pen; two brothers paid the shaman so that everyone could hunt; ZhS was scalped, therefore bald; I. sometimes returns from the underworld]: 8-12;pima: Bahr et al. 1994 [in the beginning, the Earth Shaman (the Doctor of the Earth) floated in the void; scraped dirt from his body on his chest, put it on his palm, the fourth time it turned into our world; created a bush (greasewood), told little ants to live on it, they were of no use; then the white ants began to work, expanded the earth so that one could stand on it; from the shadow of his eye he created the Vulture Noo-we; created water; a frozen piece of ice he placed in the sky, making the sun (to the north, west, south; when to the east, it turned out right); the same with the moon; again scraped dirt from his body, made a man and a woman; people multiplied, began to kill and eat each other; ZSh brought the sky down on them, together with N. found himself on the upper side, he again created people, they turned gray while still babies; brought the sky down again; the third time people began to smoke while still babies; the fourth time they turned out as they are now; at first the earth tilted to the west; N. began to fly, created valleys and mountains with his wings, water stopped flowing down immediately, the earth became habitable; the Sun-man met the Moon-woman, she gave birth to a son-Coyote, left him in the bushes on the earth; he grew up, came to ZSh; from the north came the one who called himself the Elder Brother; they explained to him that they were older, but in order not to quarrel, they agreed to call him that]: 53-58; Olmos Aguilera 2005 [in the darkness Djivut Maka (Shaman of the Earth) picked up a lump of clay from the bottom, threw it up, stood on it, began to sing, the lump grew, covered most of the waters, the current ocean remained; the earth swayed, DM ordered the spider to weave a web around its edges, the earth became established; created two Pimas and two Apaches, they began to speak different languages, he resettled the Apaches, now they are enemies; DM's son Siöhö picked up a baby he liked in a village and left him under a bush; when he returned to that place, water was gushing from there, a flood began; a woodpecker clung to the sky with his beak, his tail got wet; people fled to the mountains, turned into stones; Woodpecker, Coyote, DM and S. began to make new people out of clay; Coyote made one-legged people, DM threw them into the sea; DM's people could do everything, S. sent diseases out of envy; people asked the Vulture to kill him; he made the water in the pond where S. was bathing boil, S. died; the Vulture said that he would be reborn in four years; four years later S. came to his father, who began to reproach him for his attitude towards people; S. went underground, promising to send a new flood; it will come yet]: 187-190; Russell 1908 [The Earth Doctor takes some dust from his chest, makes a cake out of it, grows a bush on it; creates a termite, who makes the earth big, as it is now; at first it trembles; SHZ makes a gray Spider, who fastens the edges of the earth and sky with a web, the earth stops shaking; SHZ makes water, mountains, plants; pours water into a bowl, it freezes, he throws this piece of ice to the west, north, south; it slides down each time; thrown to the east, it turns into the sun, it begins to move as it should; the moon is similarly created; taking water in his mouth and splashing it into the sky, SHZ makes the stars; the Milky Way is his staff,on the ends of which he sprinkled ashes]: 51 (retold in Judson 1994: 29-31);Walapai [in the middle of the primordial ocean one mountain rises; then the water around dries up]: Kroeber 1935: 245-246.

NW Mexico. Warijo ; Huichol [fertilized by the Sun, the Earth-woman grows, becomes earth]: Negrin 1979: 18; bark.

Mesoamerica. Micah [before the flood, animals came to the village, people killed them, started to cook them, but the pots burst, the animals ran away; God meets an old man who went for brushwood, orders to announce the flood; they laugh at him; God orders to make a box, not to let others in it; an old man with children, a Raven, a Fox, a Dove were saved in the box; the rain flooded the earth; the Dove is sent to reconnoiter, stains her paws with the blood of the dead, now they are red; when the waters receded, there was no fertile land; the Raven flies, three times brings earth from the land of devils (they shake almost all of it off him each time, a little remains); the earth grows; the Fox sends to the owners of fire, asks to warm up, sticks his tail into the fire, runs up; the tip of the tail is now black; the eldest son sees his father drunk and naked, tells the youngest; he beats his father, the father does not drink anymore; tells his sons to bathe early at three in the morning; the youngest bathes, becomes brighter, becomes a master; the eldest is lazy, his skin darkens, he must work]: Miller, Villa Rojas 1956, no. 5: 104; Mixtecs [at first only mud floats on the water; the Deer god and goddess lifted a rock into the sea; on top they placed a copper axe that supports the sky; their sons ask to make the earth larger; after the flood the Creator (re)makes the earth and the sky]: Fray Francisco de Burgoa 1674 in Krickeberg 1928, no. 24: 201-202 (text recorded in the monastery of Cuilapa by Gregorio García; lengthy quotation in Dahlgren de Jordan 1966: 259-260).

Honduras - Panama. A baby is stolen from its mother, turned into soil. Bribri : Bozzoli 1977: 172-175 [the world is nothing but stones; a Bat flies to suck the blood of the Earth girl; trees grow from the Bat's excrement; Sibyo sends the Mouse again, the Earth mother and grandmother cut the Mouse in half with a thread; now the bats hang upside down so that their entrails do not fall out; S. sends people to dance in front of the Earth's dwelling; the Earth mother drops her, the dancers trample the child, fertile soil spreads; the Earth mother and grandmother say that now they (=the Earth) will devour the dead; the grandmother's tears turn into birds of prey and animals], 175 [the old woman holds the Earth child behind a stone door; A hurricane breaks down the door, the bird Tinamou carries the child off, brings him to the dancing people, gives him to one of the Frogs; she drops him, the dancers trample him, he turns into fertile soil]; 1982: 154-155; Bozzoli, Cubero Venegas 1982 [the old woman Sula lives in the lower world; S. kidnaps her granddaughter, turns her into fertile soil]: 6; 1987 [The Earth was a little orphan girl, lived with her grandmother; the Bat sucked her blood; where the Bat relieves herself, plants grow; he is trapped; the grandmother is invited to dance; she drops the girl, she turns into fertile soil; the grandmother tells S. that the dead will go to her, i.e. to the earth (the grandmother is also the Earth)]: 32; 1989, #1-2 [there were only rocks; Sibyo kidnaps a girl from her grandmother, turns her into fertile land; the Earth girl is alive; people grow plants on her]: 8-10; Wilson 1974 [there was no soil, only rocks; Sibyo notices that a forest grows where the Bat defecated; she explains that a Jaguar woman lives underground, and she (the Mouse) sucks the blood of her newborn girl; S. arranges it so that when the Bat enters the Jaguar woman's dwelling, she slams the door, cutting the entrant in half; S. gives the Mouse two legs, allows her to hang upside down, allows her to suck the blood of people and animals; throws a party, inviting the Jaguar woman; she dances, the rope breaks, her newborn falls to the ground; turns into blood; S. blows on it, soil covers the whole earth]: 419-420; cabecar : Stone 1962: 53-54, 54-55 [baby jaguar]; bokota [ Doya lives in a world of stones, Chube in another; his father sends him to defeat D.; C. is (re)born as a woman; D. kills all the newborns, but destroys the doll instead of C.; C. and D. agree to compete; D. cannot make earth, but C. throws earth in four directions, it appears; before this there were only stones; C. creates a living boy, D. cannot; D. throws a lot of salt into the water, but cannot create the sea; C. throws a handful, the sea becomes salty; C. makes good animals, D. makes bad ones]: Margery Peña 1994a, no. 1: 42-46;Eastern Panama ( Kuna ?).

Northern Andes. Kogi [soil girl kidnapped from her mother]: Chaves 1947, no. 1: 468-469; Reichel-Dolmatoff 1985(2): 20-22.

Llanos. Guayabero ; Sicuani : Wilbert, Simoneau 1992, no. 22 [the land is small, flat; two Amakahielaboto trees grow on it , Nacuabetuira and his wife Irrazapërto live ; N. throws clay along the perimeter of the land, creating a new, larger one; the old one goes down; now those two trees support our land; N. traces the river beds with his finger], 25 [Kúwei goes deep into the forest, whistles, calls the woman Awalibéya (“heart, spirit of the tree”); she agrees to go with him, but at first cannot stand the bright light of the savannah, K. covers her eyes with his clothes; calls monkeys, foxes, agouti, pacas and other animals to make her a vagina; the monkeys could not, their penis became flat; K. inserted a Brazil nut core into the fox's penis, so he could make a vagina; now the woman's name is Pumenérrua; when she went to fetch water, she was kidnapped by a fisherman, Kúkuli; monkeys helped Kuvei get to an island in the middle of the sea; there he took the form of an old man with a skin disease, began to dance with P.; she suspects that he is K., but he denies it; in the forest he threw out his scabs, they turned into two types of edible tree mushrooms and a fish; P. happily embraced K., they sailed away in a boat, Kúkuli he turned into a kukuli duck, its voice is like a bark; the world at that time was small, like a small hill; they swam to and fro, making it large; further about the kidnapping of K.'s wife by a vulture]: 112-114, 115-120.

Southern Venezuela. Piaroa [the large and small armadillos make the earth grow]: Boglar 1977, no. 26: 282.

Guiana. Makushi ; aparai.

Western Amazonia. Siona , Secoya ; Cofan : Borman, Criollo 1990, no. 1 [all the people died in an earthquake, everything was flooded; three people saved themselves by clinging to trees; when the water receded, they met; there was only sand around; God came, they asked him to create the earth; God gave them a piece of earth wrapped in a leaf, in it a red worm; they scattered it, lay down to sleep, the earth grew; then balsa grew; at the request of the people, God created the forest; then a machete; one man went hunting with a blowgun; when he returned, it turned out that one of the two remaining men had become a woman; the other was frightened, someone coming from the hunt turned him into a coati; he took the woman as his wife; they have four children; God came, made them a boat; the first - from the pod of the simaco tree, the second arose from a fallen trunk: a man felled a tree, it fell on the head of the god, split in two, two boats appeared; the god decided that this was too easy, let the people work, and when tired, they thanked the god]: 21-32; Calífano, Gonzalo 1995, No. 2 [there was only a small amount of land; Chiga (the Sun) placed a worm to eat it; from its excrement the land arose - a large island, then it became even larger], 3 [as in (2)], 4 [Ch. brought a lump of earth; then trees grew, birds appeared]: 69-70.

NW Amazonia. Baniwa : Brüzzi 1994 [when the initiatory patron's mouth was cut open, the world became larger]: 250-251; Hill, Wright 1988 (vakuenai) [the initiatory patron was burned, a palm tree grew from the ashes, sacred flutes were made from it; after this the world became larger]: 85-86; tariana [in the void lived the virgin Coadidop (grandmother of days); she made a cigar holder from her legs, tobacco from her body, squirted milk into it from her breasts, put it in the cigar holder, began to smoke and chew coca; on the third try a man emerged from the smoke; she said that he was thunder, the son of thunder, her grandson, a man, his name was Enu, he was all-powerful over the world, he must make himself companions; he made Enu Koana and Enu Pokurano from tobacco smoke; the fourth Thunder prevents famine; K. made women Kaisaro and Paramano ; there were 4 thunders and 3 women; Koadidop taught women what to do when their period comes, the youngest Thunder - how to make a ritual hut for girls; created the earth for women - a circle of rope, dropped milk inside - it became earth; said that they must work, since people cannot, like the Thunders, feed on tobacco and coca; see motif C18D]: Biocca 1965(1) in Brüzzi 1994: 100 and in S. Hugh-Jones 1979, no. 8: 303; letuama : Palma 1984: 51 [this world arose from a handful of earth from the lower world, which the four Ayas brothers (they are cuñados or brothers of the Moon) placed on the water that flooded the world], 72; desana [in the darkness the Grandmother of the World (or Earth) appears, sitting on a white stone bench, smoking a cigar; around her, like a room, a communal house, the world is formed; she creates five male Thunders, the "grandfathers of the world"; each has his own room, and in the last one is the Bat, also known as the Harpy Eagle; she ordered the Thunders to create light and people, they were unable to; then she created the Great-Grandson of the World; he raised his staff, she decorated it with feathers, the sun appeared; she divided the world into tiers, the sun at the very top]: Brüzzi 1994: 346-353; tatuyo : Bidou 1972: 99 [adyawara – a group of characters acting as one, or an older and younger brother; went to look for earth; the owner gave a vessel; before reaching the house, the brothers opened it, the earth spread out, ulcers appeared on the brothers' bodies; went to the owner of the night for night; they opened the vessel, it became dark; it began to rain; the younger brother flattens the gum of coca leaves, applies it to the trunk of a tree; the gum turns into a tree mushroom - shelter from the rain; it began to get light; the brothers threw canna flour after the anteater, now it has a long tail], 225-226; 1983: 10; barasana [cassava grater]: S.Hugh-Jones 1979, No. 1A: 263; andoke [Foremother Nenefi - a female cicada, her pupa; builds a tower of clay to the sky, rises to the top, waiting out the flood; then a fire; both times brings new earth from below]: Landaburu, Pineda 1981: 73; 1984: 72; Uitoto: San Roman 1986 [the original earth is the size of a plate; god steps on it and it grows]: 115; Wavrin 1932 [no details]: 135; bora ; ocaina [the earth created by the falcon is at first small, then grows]: Wavrin 1932: 143.

Central Andes. Mine ( Huancavelica Dep. ); Huari Dep. (Ancash Dep.) [original owner distributes soil himself]: Yauri Montero 1961: 119.

Montaña - Jurua. Kashibo ; amuesha [Yato' Yos (from Dios?) created the earth below the earth of the gods, but his classificatory brother Yosoper (Lucifer?) took possession of it; Yato' Yos asked Yosoper for a handful of clay from that earth, made another between Yosoper's earth (i.e. the lower world) and the earth of the gods (i.e. heaven); created man from clay, breathed soul into him, then animals, plants; each time Yosoper creates 10 such creatures, and Yato' Yos curses them (they become demons)]: Smith 1977 in Santos-Granero 1991, no. 10: 99; Ashaninka (river Campa) [god creates the world from a small amount of earth received from another character; Christian influence in detail?]: Weiss 1975: 407; Machiguenga.

Bolivia - Guapora. Takana ; Chimane.

Southern Amazonia. Paresi [there were two kinds of water and a heap of earth; Miore (one of the sky people) digs a hole in the earth, climbs into it, lifts and carries the earth in four directions; the earth grows; M. suspended it from the sky by ropes; the cardinal bird turned into a heavenly tree growing with its roots upward; its leaves fell, turned into various fish; M. put the leaves on a frying pan, sprinkled them with juice, ate them]: Pereira 1986, no. 1: 22-23; kamayura [the earth was small; Mavutsini placed the first Kwarïp (wooden figures of the ancestors), began to stamp with his right foot, the earth grew; at first it was yellow, infertile, but M. covered it with black]: Agostinho 2009: 154.

SE Brazil. Sheta ; kaingang.

Chaco. Nivacle ; mataco ; toba ; chamacoco [after the flood the land could be crossed in three days, then it becomes larger]: Wilbert, Simoneau 1987a, no. 34: 114; tereno [the people taken out of the earth were naked and freezing, the Orekayuvakái (two brothers who emerged from a single body cut in half) warmed them by the fire; the people were mute; the brothers lined them up and called lobinho (=cachorro do mato; apparently a canine); he could not get them to talk; then they ordered Toad to walk back and forth; looking at him, the people laughed, each began to speak in his own language; the brothers divided them by race and language, settled them on the earth, for this they made it larger in size]: Baldus 1950: 218-219, 223-225; chorote [at first only dust; the Moon's wife does not believe that he can create the earth; the Moon drew a square with his hand, spat on it, the dust settled, the Moon poured water on it, the earth began to grow, the wife is pleased; The moon grows wild and cultivated plants on the earth]: Wilbert, Simoneau 1985, no. 8: 23-24; toba [in the void?]: Wilbert, Simoneau 1982b, no. 48: 101.

Southern Brazil. Caigua [the earth grows around a cross placed by the deity (in a void?)]: Hanke 1956: 229; mbia [ Nyane Ramoi creates a handful of earth, from which grows a large earth; the first tree of Para-ra , each of its branches a special tree or bush; or all other plants grow from the seeds of Cedrera sp.]: Cadogán 1968a: 85; nyandeva [the earth is small at first, then grows; the moon and stars appeared later than the sun; the moon is the sister of the sun]: Novaes da Mota 1992: 57.