Yu.E. Berezkin, E.N. Duvakin

Thematic classification and distribution of folklore and mythological motifs by area

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K27o2. Play a dangerous ball. .40.45.52.62.68.

To destroy the hero, the opponents play ball with him, throwing a heavy dangerous object (a ball made of ice, bone, stone, iron, a walrus head, a biting skull, etc.).

Asiatic Eskimo [walrus head], St. Lawrence Island [walrus head], Bering Strait Inupiat [ice ball; stone ball], Northern Alaska Inupiat [bone and ice ball], Mi'kmaq [biting(?) skull], Passamaquoddy [biting skull], Penobscot [biting skull], Huastec [iron ball], Tepehua [iron ball], Huitoto [man-eating ball], Nambikwara [killing ball], Iranshe [poison ball].

Arctic. Asian Eskimos: Bogoraz 1949, no. 12 [an unsuccessful hunter is carried out to sea on an ice floe; the White Bear kills a seal for him, becomes a woman, he brings her home; she gives birth to two sons; her mother-in-law reproaches her for eating fat intended for a fat lamp; she leaves, taking her sons; her husband follows her to the land of polar bears; the Bear's former husband suggests a competition; 1) to lift a stone from the bottom (wearing a polar bear skin, a man lifts the stone for a long time and at the same time kills a seal); 2) to play ball with a walrus's head (wearing a bear skin, a man wins); 3) to fight; a man kills a bear with an arrow; lives with his wife and children among the bears; having grown old, he wants to return to people; his bear sons bring him to the shore]: 161-176; Rubtsova, Vakhtin 2019, No. 20 [a man lived with his mother without a wife; one day a polar bear came towards him, took off his hood, and found a woman underneath; she became his wife and gave birth to a son, then a second; the man's mother is unhappy that she ate fat, and calls her a she-bear; she puts on her hood, takes her sons with her, and leaves; upon learning what was going on, the husband sets off in search; the polar bear wife carries him and his sons across two ice holes, and they come to the polar bears; the elder wants to test the man and offers to play ball with a walrus's head ; the old man (i.e. the father of the bear wife) warns that the elder is going to kill him; the man took a pebble in his mouth, spat it out on the skull flying at him, and it cracked; now they must slide down the mountain, with two holes below; the bear will lower a stone from above; but the man fell into one vent, and climbed out of the other; now they must fight; but the man cut his leg tendons with a spear, he fell, the man finished him off; the man and his wife returned to their mother]: 254-276; St. Lawrence Island [a young man, whose relative is making fun of him, sees a light in a cave, finds a woman there; the relative suggests exchanging wives, comes to the cave, is killed by the woman; she is the White Bear, takes the husband to her people; the bears with the necklace were killed by hunters and were reborn; the wife's sister's husband suggests a competition, the wife teaches how to win; 1) dive into the sea, get heavy stones from the bottom, throw them up; 2) play with the heavy head of a walrus ; the man wins]: Slwooko 1979: 86-91; Inupiat of the Bering Strait (Cape Prince of Wales) [a young man does not marry for a long time; he sees an unfamiliar girl, brings her to her place, she makes it a condition that his mother not insult her; they have a son; mother-in-law says that daughter-in-law eats raw blubber, she is a White Bear; wife leaves, husband comes to the White Bears; father-in-law tells him to throw a bead into his son's mouth, the Bears become friendly; elder challenges a man to a competition, father-in-law gives him his skin; 1) play ice ball (the person throws it the farthest); 2) whoever dives the longest (the person breathes secretly, wins); 3) hunt seals (wins); the person stays with the Bears]: Curtis 1976(20): 157-160; Inupiat of the Bering Strait [ Taktak meets a strange woman on the ice, marries, they have a son; T.'s mother tells her grandson that his mother eats like a polar bear; she takes her son, goes to the polar bears; T. comes to them, they are happy; her father helps him, gives him a bearskin; these bears are the souls of those killed by people; they are divided into two parties, white and speckled; T. is in the white party; wins the ball game ( a ball made of ice ); is the first to catch a seal; stays with his wife and children with the bears]: Garber 1940, no. 24: 195-203; Inupiat of the Bering Strait [the orphan Seetuk lives with his uncle, studies with him; the uncle's wife eats all the supplies, tells her husband that his nephew is doing it; the uncle puts S. in a box, ties the lid, and lowers it into the sea; the box comes ashore; S. is freed, hunts, and gets everything he needs; someone drives fish, deer, and wolves (they have valuable skins) to his house; two brothers and a sister arrive; she is ready to marry S. if he overtakes her and defeats an evil rival; S. first lags behind, then casts a spell, overtakes; the girl's father gives him the skin of a polar bear; S. defeats his rival in a ball game (it is a large stone ); in diving into the sea; he kills him with an arrow when he appears in the form of a bear; S. gets married, his father-in-law gives him hawk plumage; S. flies to his native village, picks up his uncle, throws him into the sea, after taking off his bird clothing and saying why he is going to kill him; brings his uncle's corpse to the village, tells his story; the people kill his uncle's wife, bury her with her husband; S. returns to the Hawks, becomes their chief]: Garber 1940, no. 27: 204-215; Inupiat of northern Alaska : Hall 1975, no. 114 [a poor young man lives with his grandmother; a rich man has a pole with a ball on top; whoever climbs up and gets the ball gets the rich man's daughter; the poor young man completes the task; the ball is a human head ; the rich man tells her to roll to the one who got the ball; she rolls to the young man; he gets a wife; in the young man's house the wife finds a lot of meat; in fact the young man was rich]: 343-345; Spencer 1959 [a man marries a White Bear woman; the mother-in-law does not like that her daughter-in-law eats too much fat; she goes to her own people; in her village, Angusiliuk kills strangers, offering them a competition, takes the wives of the dead; the man's father-in-law and brothers help him; 1) play with a heavy ball made of bone and ice (the man breaks it); 2) get seals (the man is the first to pull out a seal); 3) A. turns into a walrus, the dugout fills with water; the man harpoons the walrus; heals the enemy; 4) dive for a long time (the man breathes through a snorkel; A. is barely alive); the man with his wife and son returns to his parents]: 419-425.

Northeast. Micmac [Kooloskap comes to the Frost Giants; 1) they take his whale's tail from him, he gives it back with his mind; 2) easily breaks the whale's jaw; 3) smokes a pipe of strong tobacco, sits in a room full of tobacco smoke; 4) frightens the giants by using a skull as a ball ; turns them into fish]: Norman 1990: 114-115; Penobscot : Leland 1968 [a cannibal has three sons and a daughter; Glooskap comes to them, smokes a pipe in one puff; plays ball; the cannibals' ball is a biting skull ; Glooskap turns a branch into a larger skull; the cannibals run away; Glooskap sends a flood, the cannibals turn into fish]: 123-126; Speck 1935a, no. 21 [half of the village play ball against the other half; they kill the losers using a biting skull instead of a ball; Longhair comes, puts a piece of wood under his shirt, smashes the skull to pieces; plays with his bone ball; drives the evildoers into the sea, they turn into sharks]: 54; malesit [Sakilexis (all other Gluskap informants) comes to the village; the Woodchuck woman is crying because he is going to be killed; he is offered to play with the skull of a shaman, who sinks his teeth into whoever he hits ; S. smashes the skull with a kick; he is offered to wrestle; the opponent is standing among the rocks up to his knees in the ground; S. wishes that his legs will break, throws the body on the rocks; the people are glad that he has rid them of the tyrant; the Master of Water has closed the water; S. threatens to pierce his huge belly, he, in fear, breaks the dam and releases the water]: Mechling 1914, no. 6: 45-47.